Probing The Collective and Independent-Particle Character of Atomic Electrons

Moises Martinez-Mares, J.‐L. Pichard

B.Kh. Ishmukhametov, Yu. A. Babanov

Oleg G. Verin

The analysis based on experimental characteristics of atoms shows, that the theory of electron movement in atom in its modern state is essentially erroneous. It is impossible to consider electrons in atoms as separate particles because in each electron shell they form a Bose-condensate. Therefore real electron collectives absolutely not resemble drawn by the theory stochastic orbital spread in space. In the article physical characteristics data of atoms repeatedly confirmed by experiments are used. Therefore disclosed laws, undoubtedly, have objective character and will be a reliable basis for further researches.

Eugene P. Bashkin, Sergey B. Stepaniants

The quantum-mechanical collective effects accompanying the propagation of a low-energy atomic or electron beam through a rarefied medium are discussed. An unusual dissipation mechanism due to the inelastic scattering of a test particle with thermal collective modes is considered. The phenomenon in question comes into effect even in a thin target at distances less than the mean free path calculated for direct atomic collisions. This effect provides the possibility to study the collective many-body properties of the medium by means of traditional atomic (electron) spectroscopy. The differential cross sections for the inelastic scattering of a probe particle with fluctuations of density, macroscopic magnetization, and entropy in the target are expressed in terms of the corresponding structure functions and calculated both in the hydrodynamic and collisionless regimes. The spin-flip transitions as well as the nonflip scattering are considered in detail. Possible applications of the theory to semiquantum systems such as gaseous H\ensuremath{\downarrow}, D\ensuremath{\downarrow}, and dilute $^{3}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}^{4}$He mixtures as well as some aspects of neutron optics and atomic (electron) spectroscopy are briefly discussed.

Roger Haydock

Nikolai B. Delone

The experimental results on multicharged ion formation at nonlinear atom ionization are analyzed. A presence of data referring to a collective character of interaction of the atomic electrons with radiation field is clarified.