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THz Spectrometer Based on a Josephson Oscillator and a Cold-Electron Bolometer

Michael A. Tarasov, L. S. Kuzmin, Е. А. Степанцов, Ian Jasper Agulo, Alexei Kalabukhov, T. Claeson

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
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Abstract

We have demonstrated a low temperature spectrometer operating in a wide range of frequencies from 100 GHz to 1.8 THz. The spectrometer has utilized unique properties of high-T c superconducting Josephson junctions and wideband response of sensitive Cold-Electron 13olometers (CEB). The voltage response of the CEB integrated with log-periodic and double-dipole antennas, has been measured using an oscillator consisting of high-T c Josephson junction integrated on separate substrate with a log-periodic antenna. The response of the bolometer with a double dipole antenna has resonance shape with maximum corresponding to the designed central frequency of 300 GHz. A voltage response of the bolometer up to 4 . 10 V/W corresponds to a technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer of 1.2 . 10 W/HZ 112 including bolometer and amplifier sources of noise. A high-T c Josephson junction operated at temperatures below 2 K shows advantages of high I cRii product that enhances the oscillation frequency to over 1.8 THz. The resolution of the spectrometer is determined by the linewidth of Josephson oscillations and for this temperature is of the order of 1 GHz.

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For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at TeraHertz frequencies one needs a wide-range electrically tunable THz source and a sensitive detector. In this paper a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB) was used as a broadband sensor. Bolometers were integrated with broadband log-periodic antenna designed for 0.2-2 THz frequency range and double-dipole antennas designed for 300 and 600 GHz central frequency. A Josephson junction was used as a wide band electrically tuned terahertz cryogenic oscillator. Bicrystal YBaCuO Josephson junctions demonstrated a characteristic voltage IcRn of over 4 mV that corresponds to characteristic frequency about 2 THz. The bolometer chip is attached to a Si substrate lens at 260 mK and the oscillator chip is attached to the sapphire substrate lens at 1.8 K, with lenses facing each other at the distance of few centimeters. High signal was measured in the whole frequency range up to 1.7 THz by simple changing the bias voltage of Josephson junction from zero to 3.5 mV. A voltage response of the bolometer up to 4*108 V/W corresponds to an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer NEP=1.25*10-17 W/Hz1/2. Combining a Terahertz band Josephson junction, a high-sensitive hot electron bolometer, and a sample under test in between, makes it possible to develop a cryogenic compact Terahertz-band transmission spectrometer with a resolution below 1 GHz corresponding to the linewidth of Josephson oscillations. For frequencies below 600 GHz a conventional Nb shunted SIS junction can be used as Josephson oscillator.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Dec 8, 2004•3 citations

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•Jan 1, 2004•0 citations

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A Josephson high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) submillimeter-wave spectrometer is designed, built, and experimentally investigated. The integrated detection structure of the spectrometer includes a YBCO Josephson junction on a bicrystalline boundary, a double-slot or log-periodic antenna, and a low-inductance resistive shunt. The selective detector response and the response at an intermediate frequency of 1.4 GHz are measured under the action of a signal in the frequency range 350–1250 GHz. Three methods of spectroscopy are investigated using this setup: 1) a method of Hilbert spectroscopy with processing of the detector response is implemented; 2) it is found that for a wide Josephson line at intermediate frequency (IF) the response has the same form as the detector response, making it possible to obtain a spectrum and the width of the generation line from IF response measurements; 3) for a narrow Josephson line the IF response corresponds to the regime of conversion with self-pumping. A new method is proposed for calculating the emission spectrum. The method consists of simple shift, summation, and subtraction operations. The advantages of the method are simplicity, high sensitivity, and high resolution.

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Terahertz spectrometer based on high temperature superconducting Josephson junction

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This paper presents a terahertz (THz) spectrometer based on high temperature superconducting Josephson junction. The YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) bi-crystal Josephson junctions (JJS) with log-periodic antennas are used as detectors. In the low temperature, with the signal measurement, data acquisition and human-computer interactive system, the automatic measurement system of THz spectrometer is finally accomplished and realizes the measurement of the wide frequency range from 0.1THz to 2.5THz. The frequency resolution reaches 0.04GHz (@ 114GHz) and 2GHz (@ 1.78THz). The spectral line width (Δf) is preliminarily analyzed.

International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz)•Sep 1, 2016•0 citations
We have demonstrated a low temperature spectrometer operating in a wide range of frequencies from 100 GHz to 1.8 THz. The spectrometer has utilized unique properties of high-T c superconducting Josephson junctions and wideband response of sensitive Cold-Electron 13olometers (CEB). The voltage response of the CEB integrated with log-periodic and double-dipole antennas, has been measured using an oscillator consisting of high-T c Josephson junction integrated on separate substrate with a log-periodic antenna. The response of the bolometer with a double dipole antenna has resonance shape with maximum corresponding to the designed central frequency of 300 GHz. A voltage response of the bolometer up to 4 . 10 V/W corresponds to a technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer of 1.2 . 10 W/HZ 112 including bolometer and amplifier sources of noise. A high-T c Josephson junction operated at temperatures below 2 K shows advantages of high I cRii product that enhances the oscillation frequency to over 1.8 THz. The resolution of the spectrometer is determined by the linewidth of Josephson oscillations and for this temperature is of the order of 1 GHz.
For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at TeraHertz frequencies one needs a wide-range electrically tunable THz source and a sensitive detector. In this paper a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB) was used as a broadband sensor. Bolometers were integrated with broadband log-periodic antenna designed for 0.2-2 THz frequency range and double-dipole antennas designed for 300 and 600 GHz central frequency. A Josephson junction was used as a wide band electrically tuned terahertz cryogenic oscillator. Bicrystal YBaCuO Josephson junctions demonstrated a characteristic voltage IcRn of over 4 mV that corresponds to characteristic frequency about 2 THz. The bolometer chip is attached to a Si substrate lens at 260 mK and the oscillator chip is attached to the sapphire substrate lens at 1.8 K, with lenses facing each other at the distance of few centimeters. High signal was measured in the whole frequency range up to 1.7 THz by simple changing the bias voltage of Josephson junction from zero to 3.5 mV. A voltage response of the bolometer up to 4*108 V/W corresponds to an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer NEP=1.25*10-17 W/Hz1/2. Combining a Terahertz band Josephson junction, a high-sensitive hot electron bolometer, and a sample under test in between, makes it possible to develop a cryogenic compact Terahertz-band transmission spectrometer with a resolution below 1 GHz corresponding to the linewidth of Josephson oscillations. For frequencies below 600 GHz a conventional Nb shunted SIS junction can be used as Josephson oscillator.
For sensitive wideband spectroscopy at THz frequencies with performance better than for Fourier Transform Spectrometer, one needs a wide-range electrically tunable, narrow linewidth THz source, and a sensitive broadband detector. To obtain a low noise level of sensor we use a superconducting normal metal cold electron bolometer (CEB). A voltage response of the bolometer is 4.108 V/W and an amplifier-limited technical noise equivalent power of the bolometer is 1.25.10-17 W/Hz1/2. The wide band electrically tuned terahertz band cryogenic oscillator is a Josephson junction. Contrary to conventional Josephson junctions based on niobium, and naturally limited in frequency by energy gap of about 700 GHz, the high critical temperature YBaCuO junctions can extend this limit by an order of magnitude. At 4 K such oscillators can radiate at frequencies exceeding 2 THz. Signals received by bolometers integrated with double-dipole and log-periodic antennas and irradiated by the Josephson oscillator show in our experiments the high frequency response corresponding to an oscillation frequency of up to 1.75 THz. Such cryogenic terahertz network analyzer is suitable for low-signal spectral evaluation of cryogenic detectors, quasioptical sub-mm cryogenic filters, planar antennas with planar microwave filters, integrated structures comprising such elements, and arrays of cryogenic receivers.
The voltage response of a thin-film normal-metal hot-electron bolometer based on a SINIS (superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor) structure to the radiation of a high-temperature Josephson junction in the terahertz frequency region was measured. Bolometers were integrated with planar log-periodic and double-dipole antennas, and Josephson junctions were integrated with log-periodic antennas. Measurements showed that the Josephson junction at a temperature of 260 mK was overheated by the transport current, so that its electron temperature exceeded 3 K at a bias voltage of 1 mV. The maximum response of a bolometer with a double-dipole antenna was observed at a frequency of 300 GHz, which agreed well with the calculated value. The Josephson radiation was observed at frequencies up to 1.7 THz. The voltage response of a bolometer reached 4×10 8 V/W, and the total noise-equivalent power reached 1.5×10 −17 W/Hz 1/2 .
An HTS Josephson spectrometer has been designed, fabricated and experimentally studied. The spectrometer circuit consists of a YBCO bicrystal Josephson junction integrated with a double-slot or log-periodic antenna, connected in parallel with a gold low-inductance shunt. The selective detector response and RF response at intermediate frequency f IF = 1.4 GHz were measured in the signal frequency range f s = 400-1250 GHz and the linewidth of Josephson oscillations (LJO) was determined by using three different methods. (1) The Hilbert spectroscopy approach was used in the processing of the selective detector response. (2) In case of f IF < LJO the detector and RF responses have similar shapes, allowing the spectrum and LJO to be extracted from the RF response and even processing by modified Hilbert spectroscopy. (3) The RF response at f IF > LJO corresponds to the frequency down-conversion in a self-pumped Josephson mixer mode. For the processing of the RF response in the high f IF limit we suggest a novel method that allows extraction of the signal spectrum by means of simple operations: shifting, summing and subtracting. The advantage of the RF response method is in its simplicity and higher sensitivity that allows it to be proposed for spectroscopy applications.
A Josephson high-temperature superconducting (HTSC) submillimeter-wave spectrometer is designed, built, and experimentally investigated. The integrated detection structure of the spectrometer includes a YBCO Josephson junction on a bicrystalline boundary, a double-slot or log-periodic antenna, and a low-inductance resistive shunt. The selective detector response and the response at an intermediate frequency of 1.4 GHz are measured under the action of a signal in the frequency range 350–1250 GHz. Three methods of spectroscopy are investigated using this setup: 1) a method of Hilbert spectroscopy with processing of the detector response is implemented; 2) it is found that for a wide Josephson line at intermediate frequency (IF) the response has the same form as the detector response, making it possible to obtain a spectrum and the width of the generation line from IF response measurements; 3) for a narrow Josephson line the IF response corresponds to the regime of conversion with self-pumping. A new method is proposed for calculating the emission spectrum. The method consists of simple shift, summation, and subtraction operations. The advantages of the method are simplicity, high sensitivity, and high resolution.
This paper presents a terahertz (THz) spectrometer based on high temperature superconducting Josephson junction. The YBa2Cu3O7(YBCO) bi-crystal Josephson junctions (JJS) with log-periodic antennas are used as detectors. In the low temperature, with the signal measurement, data acquisition and human-computer interactive system, the automatic measurement system of THz spectrometer is finally accomplished and realizes the measurement of the wide frequency range from 0.1THz to 2.5THz. The frequency resolution reaches 0.04GHz (@ 114GHz) and 2GHz (@ 1.78THz). The spectral line width (Δf) is preliminarily analyzed.