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Springer series in chemical physics

Atomic Wave Packets and Optical Pulses

Lambertus D. Noordam, A. ten Wolde, Harm Geert Muller, Ad Lagendijk, Thomas F. Gallagher, H. B. van Linden van den Heuvell

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-84269-6_43

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Sodium atoms prepared in hyperfine ground-state 11 > are driven to the other ground-state hyperfine level 12> when two laser beams nearly resonant with an optical transition have a frequency difference equal to the ground-state hyperfine splitting. When the two laser beams are counterpropagating, conservation of momentum between the atom and the light field requires that the atom acquire a velocity kick ~22 ħk/m during the 11> and 12> transition (~6 cm/sec in our experiment). When the lasers are detuned far from the optical transition, spontaneous emission from the intermediate optical level becomes negligible, and the atom behaves as a two-level system coupled to a resonant rf driving field. We have created an interferometer by applying a π/2-π-π/2 Raman pulse sequence: a first π/2 pulse coherently splits the atomic wave packet by putting it in a superposition of states 11> and 12>, a second π pulse occurring a time Δt later redirects each wave packet and a final π/2 pulse recombines the wave packets at time 2Δt. We have observed wave packet interference for wave packet separations of 2.4 mm and, by using the interferometer as an accelerometer, have measured the atom’s acceleration due to gravity to 3 parts in 106.

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Summary form only given. Optical pulse shaping and wave-packet holography have been used to store information in the phase of an atomic Rydberg wave-packet. We present a new method of retrieving this phase information by using a terahertz domain half-cycle pulse (HCP) to coherently redistribute the Rydberg population. We use programmed optical pulses to create radial wave-packets in a beam of atomic Cs centered at n = 26p with one state phase-reversed from the others. An impulse model for this atom-HCP interaction is employed to qualitatively explain this flipped-state amplification.
Experimental and theoretical work is presented on the control of wave packet dynamics in atomic and molecular systems. Using sequences of phase-locked optical pulses, the link between optical phase and quantum mechanical phase is explored in the Na atom and Naj dimer, representing a step towards the logical engineering of quantum states in more complicated systems. A novel apparatus, constructed to study and control the vibrational dynamics of vibrational wave packets on the Na ionic potential surface, is described in chapter 3. Theoretical simulations for proposed experiment are presented in chapter 4. Control is achieved by exploiting the phase-evolution of the constituent vibrational quantum states within the wave packet superposition. The phase relationship and the accumulated phase difference between the various components of the wave packet is determined, and a sequence of phase-locked optical pulses is employed to selectively enhance or depopulate specific vibrational states, or sets of vibrational states. The quantum state composition of the resulting wave packet, and the efficiency of the control scheme, is determined by calculating the multi-pulse response of the time-dependent vibrational state populations. In chapter 5, the quantum interference between Rydberg electron wave packets in the Na atom is investigated using pairs of phase-locked wave packets, allowing manipulation of the total orbital angular momentum of Na Rydberg atoms. Initially the wave packet is composed of a superposition of s and d Rydberg series. Exploitation of the difference between the quantum defects of the two series allows specific angular momentum compositions within the resultant wave packet to be engineered. Experimentally, this final quantum state distribution is analysed in the frequency domain using state selective field ionisation, and in the time domain using the optical Ramsey method. The theoretical calculations show how the phase difference between pairs of optical pulses is linked to the corresponding Rydberg frequency spectrum, therefore enabling the control of the quantum state composition of the wave packets.
Sodium atoms prepared in hyperfine ground-state 11 > are driven to the other ground-state hyperfine level 12> when two laser beams nearly resonant with an optical transition have a frequency difference equal to the ground-state hyperfine splitting. When the two laser beams are counterpropagating, conservation of momentum between the atom and the light field requires that the atom acquire a velocity kick ~22 ħk/m during the 11> and 12> transition (~6 cm/sec in our experiment). When the lasers are detuned far from the optical transition, spontaneous emission from the intermediate optical level becomes negligible, and the atom behaves as a two-level system coupled to a resonant rf driving field. We have created an interferometer by applying a π/2-π-π/2 Raman pulse sequence: a first π/2 pulse coherently splits the atomic wave packet by putting it in a superposition of states 11> and 12>, a second π pulse occurring a time Δt later redirects each wave packet and a final π/2 pulse recombines the wave packets at time 2Δt. We have observed wave packet interference for wave packet separations of 2.4 mm and, by using the interferometer as an accelerometer, have measured the atom’s acceleration due to gravity to 3 parts in 106.