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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Flipped-state identification in a Rydberg wave-packet using a terahertz half-cycle pulse

Jaewood Ahn, D.N. Hutchinson, C. Rangan, P. H. Bucksbaum

Published Nov 13, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Summary form only given. Optical pulse shaping and wave-packet holography have been used to store information in the phase of an atomic Rydberg wave-packet. We present a new method of retrieving this phase information by using a terahertz domain half-cycle pulse (HCP) to coherently redistribute the Rydberg population. We use programmed optical pulses to create radial wave-packets in a beam of atomic Cs centered at n = 26p with one state phase-reversed from the others. An impulse model for this atom-HCP interaction is employed to qualitatively explain this flipped-state amplification.

DOI
10.1109/qels.2001.961899

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Summary form only given. Optical pulse shaping and wave-packet holography have been used to store information in the phase of an atomic Rydberg wave-packet. We present a new method of retrieving this phase information by using a terahertz domain half-cycle pulse (HCP) to coherently redistribute the Rydberg population. We use programmed optical pulses to create radial wave-packets in a beam of atomic Cs centered at n = 26p with one state phase-reversed from the others. An impulse model for this atom-HCP interaction is employed to qualitatively explain this flipped-state amplification.
Quantum computation has experienced a steady growth in interest in recent years. With the rapid development of quantum technologies, the quantum mechanical nature of physical systems is becoming an increasingly important part of future industrial technology. The Rydberg atom is one of the best test tubes in which to attempt programmable coherent control because of our in-depth understanding of both atomic physics and ultrafast optics. We demonstrate the use of Rydberg atoms for processing quantum information and implementing quantum algorithms. We adopted N Rydberg energy levels of Cesium atom to store information. The phases of the energy states were each programmed and coherently evolve in time with the encoded information. A coherent manipulation then transferred the information contained in the phases to state amplitudes. The programming and the converting of the information in the data register were both performed by ultrafast optical pulses. We implemented an N-state Rydberg atom data register, with N = 6 and 8. Using half-cycle pulses (HCP), we devised methods which perform unitary operations on this data register. Application of the HCP, or terahertz short pulse, to wave packets prepared with one energy state phase-reversed with respect to the others yields a much simpler wave packet. This interaction forced multi-mode interference which constructively interfered only for the phase-flipped state. An impulsive model calculation as well as direct integration of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation showed good agreement with the experimental data. Related to the quantum algorithms, the pseudo-unitary operation implemented by the HCP had a similar structural form to the Grover's inversion-about-average operation. For the same reasons that lead to the Grover's quantum state amplification, the state amplitude of the energy state whose phase was reversed robbed atomic population from all other states. Our implementation of the Grover's inversion-about-average operation has accomplished most of Grover's search protocol. In order to improve upon our implementation and to attempt other quantum algorithms, we conclude that a sophisticated shaping of terahertz pulses is required.
We demonstrate an information hiding and retrieval scheme with the relative phases between states in a Rydberg wave packet acting as the bits of a data register. We use a terahertz half-cycle pulse (HCP) to transfer phase-encoded information from an optically accessible angular momentum manifold to another manifold which is not directly accessed by our laser pulses, effectively hiding the information from our optical interferometric measurement techniques. A subsequent HCP acting on these wave packets reintroduces the information back into the optically accessible data register manifold which can then be read out.
We present the technique and results of our study of the redistribution of Rydberg states in barium by a half cycle pulse (HCP). A survey of previous research concerning the interaction of half cycle pulses with Rydberg atoms reveals a lack of experimental data in the area of state redistribution. This is primarily due to an inability to identify the redistributed states accurately using the currently available tool: selective field ionization (SFI). We present the limitations of SFI as a state identification tool. We then present a survey of isolated core excitation as a state identification tool, along with its limitations in dealing with a mixture of states. Combining SFI and ICE overcomes these limitations and allows for the accurate characterization of a mixture of Rydberg states, as found in HCP redistribution. We present our results for the HCP redistribution of a series of ns and nd initial states, for n from 30 to 40, at various HCP intensities. These results primarily involved single photon transitions, confining us to the linear regime. Analyzing the results of these redistributions with respect to the energy difference between initial and final states yielded information about the frequency structure, after transmission to the interaction region, of the HCP. This led us to postulate on the effects of diffraction on the HCP. We conclude with several suggestions for the improvement of the experimental system, as well as a direction for future research.
A kick from a unipolar half-cycle pulse (HCP) can redistribute population and shift the relative phase between states in a radial Rydberg wave packet. We have measured the quantum coherence properties following the kick, and show that selected coherences can be destroyed by applying a HCP at specific times. Quantum mechanical simulations show that this is due to redistribution of the angular momentum in the presence of noise. These results have implications for the storage and retrieval of quantum information in the wave packet.
We analyze a quantum search protocol to retrieve phase information from a Rydberg-atom data register using a subpicosecond half-cycle electric field pulse. Calculations show that the half-cycle pulse can perform the phase retrieval only within a range of peak field values. By varying the phases of the constituent orbitals of the Rydberg wave packet register, we demonstrate coherent control of the phase retrieval process. By specially programming the phases of the orbitals comprising the initial wave packet, we show that it is possible to use the search method as a way to synthesize single energy eigenstates.