Q methodology, quantum theory and subjectivity

Simon Watts, Paul H. D. Stenner

Jessica Oddan

Xiangsheng Yu

Mainstream quantum mechanical interpretations, classical logical paradox resolution frameworks, cognitive theories of human deceptive behavior, and probabilistic artificial intelligence models universally exhibit a fundamental methodological flaw. These conventional approaches prioritize subjective observational phenomena and cognitively constructed appearances as theoretical presuppositions, thereby conflating the intrinsic determinacy of objective ontology with illusory uncertainty arising from incomplete information and limited cognitive capacity. This study systematically examines such paradigm-level biases by conducting a cross-disciplinary methodological comparison between prevalent theoretical frameworks and the dual paradigm integrating the binary excluded middle law and ontology–cognitive entropy. The proposed paradigm establishes the binary determinacy of objective ontology—independent of observation, reasoning, and subjective perception—as the foundational axiom. All apparent uncertainties, including quantum superposition, instantaneous quantum transitions, formal logical contradictions, cognitive ambiguity, and probabilistic model outputs, are attributed to transient cognitive entropy states induced by insufficient information convergence. The dynamic cognitive entropy metric complements the missing continuous evolutionary mechanism in traditional quantum theories and fundamentally resolves the inherent defects of appearance-oriented methodological frameworks. Cross-domain comparisons demonstrate that the ontology–cognitive entropy dual paradigm features ontology–cognition dichotomy, dynamic entropy quantification, and full logical self-consistency without subjective presuppositions. This framework provides a rigorous, unified, and objective theoretical foundation for addressing pervasive uncertainty problems in fundamental physics, formal logic, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence, supporting both basic theoretical innovation and engineering risk-control applications.

Pan Ping

Knowledge theory,methodology and practice theory of quantum information provide explanations to basic morphology of ontology and collective correlation for scientific philosophy.From philosophical view,the knowledge theory of quantum information provides direction of understanding micro reality ontology for basic research of quantum information,reflects cognition from integral representation of microcosmic particle to?constructive relation reality,and describes the epistemic process from the knowledge theory of representationism to internal connections between subject and object.The epistemic process of quantum information from ontology to entirety is of important significance to human activities of ecognition and thinking,which provides new knowledge theory and methodology to human.

Richard Healey

J. M. Burgers