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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Scaling and Suppression of Heating in an Adjustable Ion Trap

Steven Olmschenk, Louis Deslauriers, D. Stick, W. K. Hensinger, Jonathan David Sterk, Christopher R. Monroe

Published May 18, 2006• 0 citations
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We measure and characterize anomalous motional heating of an atomic ion confined in the lowest quantum levels of a novel rf ion trap that features moveable electrodes. The scaling of heating with electrode proximity is measured, and when the electrodes are cooled from 300 to 150 K, the heating rate is suppressed by an order of magnitude. This provides direct evidence that anomalous motional heating of trapped ions stems from microscopic noisy potentials on the electrodes that are thermally driven. These observations are relevant to decoherence in quantum information processing schemes based on trapped ions and perhaps other charge-based quantum systems.
Dense arrays of trapped ions provide one way of scaling up ion trap quantum information processing. However, miniaturization of ion traps is currently limited by sharply increasing motional state decoherence at sub-100 mum ion-electrode distances. We characterize heating rates in cryogenically cooled surface-electrode traps, with characteristic sizes in the 75 to 150 mum range. Upon cooling to 6 K, the measured rates are suppressed by 7 orders of magnitude, 2 orders of magnitude below previously published data of similarly sized traps operated at room temperature. The observed noise depends strongly on the fabrication process, which suggests further improvements are possible.
Trapped-ion processors are leading candidates for scalable quantum computation. However, motional heating remains a key obstacle to fault-tolerant operation, especially when system size increases. Heating error is particularly challenging to suppress due to is incoherence nature, and no general methods currently exist for mitigating their impact in large systems with multiple phonon modes. In this work, based on a careful analysis about the dependence of heating-induced infidelity on phase-space trajectories, we present a simple yet comprehensive framework for suppressing heating errors in large trapped-ion quantum processors. Our approach is flexible, allowing various control pulse bases, ion numbers, and noise levels. Our approach is also compatible with existing error-mitigation techniques, including those targeting laser phase and frequency noise. Crucially, it relies on an efficiently computable cost function that avoids the exponential overhead of full fidelity estimation. We perform numerical simulations for systems with up to 55 qubits, demonstrating up to a fivefold reduction in infidelities compared with the conventional method in typical regimes. We further show that our framework simultaneously reduces the sensitivity of the gate rotation angle to detuning errors, leading to an improvement in detuning-error tolerance. These results offer a practical route toward robust, large-scale quantum computation with trapped ions.