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Acta Physica Sinica

Implementation of photon Bell-state and GHZ-state analyzers through the Faraday rotation

Gu Yong-Jian, Xiaodong Chen, Xiu‐Min Lin, Xiao Shao-Jun

Published Jan 1, 2010• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The schemes are presented for realizing optical Bell-state and GHZ-state analyzers through the Faraday rotation, which results from polarization photon reflected by optical cavity with trapped atom. They can be extended to the case of completely distinguishing photon Bell-state and GHZ-state without destroying quantum qubit. In the schemes, strong-coupling condition is not needed and the analyzers can be implemented in low-Q cavity, which further lower the diffculty in experiment.

DOI
10.7498/aps.59.5251

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The schemes are presented for realizing optical Bell-state and GHZ-state analyzers through the Faraday rotation, which results from polarization photon reflected by optical cavity with trapped atom. They can be extended to the case of completely distinguishing photon Bell-state and GHZ-state without destroying quantum qubit. In the schemes, strong-coupling condition is not needed and the analyzers can be implemented in low-Q cavity, which further lower the diffculty in experiment.
We propose a scheme to prepare the GHZ state of the atoms using the Faraday rotation produced by the input and output process of photons in the low quality cavity.The coupling between atom and cavity isn't strong in the scheme.Meanwhile,the quantum information is encoded in the low energy level of atoms.Therefore,our scheme is insensitive to both cavity decay and atomic spontaneous emission.In addition,we need not to impose the classical field or choose interaction time during the whole process,which reduces the difficulty of experiment.
We propose an efficient protocol for complete polarized photons Bell-states and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ)-states analysis assisted by atoms. With the help of assistant atoms and some simple liner optical elements, the analysis of both polarization Bell states and GHZ states can be performed completely. In our protocol, the assistant atoms are trapped in cavity quantum electronic dynamics (QED), which is feasible with current experimental technology. Moreover, the polarized photons entangled states will not be destroyed in our protocol. Therefore, our scheme might contribute to the quantum communication, quantum computation, and some other fields in quantum information processing.
Based on the input-output relation in low-Q cavities, we propose a feasible scheme to prepare remotely a single-atom state via photonic Faraday rotation, and then the scheme is generalized to the case of remote preparation of a two-atom entangled state. Our results show that when the coefficients of the initial atomic state to be prepared are real, both remote preparation of the single-atom state and that of the two-atom entangled state can be achieved deterministically by selecting appropriate parameters of the systems for the interactions among the atom, polarized single-photon pulse, and cavity field. Compared with the existing schemes for remote preparation of atomic states, in our scheme photons are used as flying qubits to transmit quantum information, which is suitable indeed to achieve a long-distance atomic state preparation in principle. Due to the fact that the information of atomic state is encoded in two degenerate ground-state levels of a -type three-level atom confined in a unilateral dissipative cavity, and that the atoms are only virtually excited, our schemes are insensitive to both cavity decay and atomic spontaneous emission. Besides, the two schemes we proposed do not need two- or multi-particle orthogonal measurements, only product-state measurements are involved, as well as they work in low-Q regime and do not require a strong coupling condition between the atoms and the optical cavities, which greatly reduce the experimental difficulty.
By utilizing Faraday rotation of photons, we present a highly efficient protocol for entanglement concentration of atomic Bell states, which departs from the conventional method of sequential interactions between the auxiliary photon and two optical cavities. Instead, the simultaneous interaction of the auxiliary photon with two atomic cavities is involved in order to significantly reduce the time requirement for achieving atomic Bell state entanglement concentration. By employing iterative applications of the protocol for entanglement concentration, the discarded states can be repeatedly concentrated, efficiently increasing the probability of success. Furthermore, our entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) operate in low-Q cavities, which are easier to implement in practical applications than high-Q cavities. Finally, it can be generalized to an N -atom GHZ states entanglement concentration protocol.
Logical entangled states are essential for quantum information processing due to their robustness against environmental noise and decoherence. We propose a scheme for generating logical cluster states based on photonic Faraday rotation in atom-cavity coupling systems. A physical cluster state is generated first. Subsequently, additional single photons assist in transforming each physical qubit into a physical GHZ state, which serves as a logical qubit. After replacing all physical qubits with logical qubits, the logical cluster state is obtained. The responses of photon detectors reveal low-probability errors arising from photon input-output imbalances, but these measurements do not induce scheme failure. Optical attenuators balance optical paths, guaranteeing unity fidelity in theory.