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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Complete polarized photons Bell-states and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger-states analysis assisted by atoms

Yan Xia, Yi‐Hao Kang, Pei-Min Lu

Published Aug 6, 2014• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose an efficient protocol for complete polarized photons Bell-states and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ)-states analysis assisted by atoms. With the help of assistant atoms and some simple liner optical elements, the analysis of both polarization Bell states and GHZ states can be performed completely. In our protocol, the assistant atoms are trapped in cavity quantum electronic dynamics (QED), which is feasible with current experimental technology. Moreover, the polarized photons entangled states will not be destroyed in our protocol. Therefore, our scheme might contribute to the quantum communication, quantum computation, and some other fields in quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.002077

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We propose an efficient protocol for complete polarized photons Bell-states and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ)-states analysis assisted by atoms. With the help of assistant atoms and some simple liner optical elements, the analysis of both polarization Bell states and GHZ states can be performed completely. In our protocol, the assistant atoms are trapped in cavity quantum electronic dynamics (QED), which is feasible with current experimental technology. Moreover, the polarized photons entangled states will not be destroyed in our protocol. Therefore, our scheme might contribute to the quantum communication, quantum computation, and some other fields in quantum information processing.
We present an efficient and simple protocol to unambiguously distinguish 2 N mutual orthogonal N-qubit Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger states in polarization degree of freedom assisted by the frequency one. This scheme is based on N single photon Bell state measurements, which can be implemented non-locally. The success probability is 100% in principle and our scheme is feasible with current technology. All the advantages make our protocol meaningful and practical in quantum information processing.
We present an efficient scheme for the complete analysis of hyperentangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in polarization and time-bin degrees of freedom with two steps. Firstly, the polarization GHZ state is distinguished completely and nondestructively, resorting to the controlled phase flip (CPF) gate constructed by the cavity-assisted interaction. Subsequently, the time-bin GHZ state is analyzed by using the preserved polarization entanglement. With the help of CPF gate and self-assisted mechanism, our scheme can be directly generalized to the complete N-photon hyperentangled GHZ state analysis, and it may have potential applications in the hyperentanglement-based quantum communication.
Abstract A protocol to realize complete and nondestructive atomic Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ)‐state analysis in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) systems is presented. In this protocol, the three information‐carrier atoms and the three auxiliary atoms are trapped in six separated cavities, respectively. After ten‐step operations, the information for distinguishing the eight different GHZ states of the three information‐carrier atoms is encoded on the auxiliary atoms. Thus, by means of detecting the auxiliary atoms, complete and nondestructive GHZ‐state analysis with high success probability is realized. Moreover, the driving pluses of operations are designed as a simple superposition of Gaussian or trigonometric functions by using the invariant‐based inverse engineering. Therefore, the protocol can be realized experimentally and applied in some quantum information tasks based on complete GHZ‐state analysis with less physical entanglement resource.
We present two complete maximally hyperentangled state analysis protocols for photons entangled in the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom. The first protocol is a hyperentangled Bell state analysis scheme for two photons, and the second is a hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state analysis scheme for three photons. In each scheme, a set of mutually orthogonal hyperentangled basis states are completely and deterministically discriminated with the aid of cross-Kerr nonlinearities and linear optics. We also generalize the schemes to unambiguously analyze the NNN-photon hyperentangled GHZ state. Compared with previous protocols, our schemes greatly simplify the discrimination process and reduce the requirements on nonlinearities by using the measured spatial-mode state to assist in the analysis of the polarization state. These advantages make our schemes useful for practical applications in long-distance high-capacity quantum communication.
We propose a resource-efficient error-rejecting entangled-state analyzer for polarization-encoded multiphoton systems. Our analyzer is based on two single-photon quantum-nondemolition detectors, where each of them is implemented with a four-level emitter (e.g., a quantum dot) coupled to a one-dimensional system (such as a micropillar cavity or a photonic nanocrystal waveguide). The analyzer works in a passive way and can completely distinguish 2n{2}^{n}2n Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states of nnn photons without using any active operation or fast switching. The efficiency and fidelity of the GHZ-state analysis can, in principle, be close to unity, when an ideal single-photon scattering condition is fulfilled. For a nonideal scattering, which typically reduces the fidelity of a GHZ-state analysis, we introduce a passively error-rejecting circuit to enable a near-perfect fidelity at the expense of a slight decrease of its efficiency. Furthermore, the protocol can be directly used to perform a two-photon Bell-state analysis. This passive, resource-efficient, and error-rejecting protocol can, therefore, be useful for practical quantum networks.
We describe a feasible logic Bell-state analysis protocol by employing the logic entanglement to be the robust concatenated Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (C-GHZ) state. This protocol only uses polarization beam splitters and half-wave plates, which are available in current experimental technology. We can conveniently identify two of the logic Bell states. This protocol can be easily generalized to the arbitrary C-GHZ state analysis. We can also distinguish two N-logic-qubit C-GHZ states. As the previous theory and experiment both showed that the C-GHZ state has the robustness feature, this logic Bell-state analysis and C-GHZ state analysis may be essential for linear-optical quantum computation protocols whose building blocks are logic-qubit entangled state.