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Observation of Quantum Dot Dressed States by an Off-Resonant Cavity

Alexander T. Papageorge, Arka Majumdar, Erik D. Kim

Published Apr 5, 2011• 0 citations
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Abstract

E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA(Dated: March 2011)Off-resonant coupling between a quantum dot and a photonic resonator is a phenomenon uniqueto solid state cavity quantum electrodynamics. We theoretically show that the spectral lineshapeof the emission of a cavity off-resonantly coupled to a quantum dot under bichromatic resonantexcitation can be used to observe signatures of the dressing of the quantum dot. This incoherentchannel provides a convenient means of observing the effects of coherent interaction between thequantum dot and the resonant light field at a wavelength that is spectrally detuned from both.I. INTRODUCTION

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E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA(Dated: March 2011)Off-resonant coupling between a quantum dot and a photonic resonator is a phenomenon uniqueto solid state cavity quantum electrodynamics. We theoretically show that the spectral lineshapeof the emission of a cavity off-resonantly coupled to a quantum dot under bichromatic resonantexcitation can be used to observe signatures of the dressing of the quantum dot. This incoherentchannel provides a convenient means of observing the effects of coherent interaction between thequantum dot and the resonant light field at a wavelength that is spectrally detuned from both.I. INTRODUCTION
We theoretically study the bichromatic driving of a solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) system as a means of probing cavity dressed state transitions and observing the coherent interaction between the system and the light field. We show that this method can enable the observation of the higher order cavity dressed states, supersplitting and ac-Stark shift in a solid-state system comprised of a quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled to a photonic crystal cavity for the on- and far off-resonant cases. For the off-resonant case, phonons mediate off-resonant coupling between the QD and the photonic resonator, a phenomenon unique to solid-state cavity QED.
In recent experiments on coupled quantum dot (QD) optical cavity systems, a pronounced interaction between the dot and the cavity has been observed even for detunings of many cavity linewidths. This interaction has been attributed to an incoherent phonon-mediated scattering process and is absent in atomic systems. Here, we demonstrate that despite its incoherent nature, this process preserves the signatures of coherent interaction between a QD and a strong driving laser, which may be observed via the optical emission from the off-resonant cavity. Under bichromatic driving of the QD, the cavity emission exhibits spectral features consistent with optical dressing of the QD transition. These cavity emission measurements are more akin to absorption measurements of a strongly driven QD rather than resonance fluorescence measurements. In addition to revealing new aspects of the off-resonant QD-cavity interaction, this result provides a new, simpler means of coherently probing QDs and opens the possibility of employing off-resonant cavities to optically interface QD nodes in quantum networks.
We demonstrate the simultaneous dressing of both vacuum-to-exciton and exciton-to-biexciton transitions of a single semiconductor quantum dot in a high-Q micropillar cavity, using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Resonant two-photon excitation of the biexciton is achieved by spectrally tuning the quantum dot emission with respect to the cavity mode. The cavity couples to both transitions and amplifies the Rabi frequency of the likewise resonant continuous wave laser, driving the transitions. We observe strong-field splitting of the emission lines, which depend on the driving Rabi field amplitude and the cavity-laser detuning. A dressed state theory of a driven 4-level atom correctly predicts the distinct spectral transitions observed in the emission spectrum, and a detailed description of the emission spectra is further provided through a polaron master equation approach which accounts for cavity coupling and acoustic phonon interactions of the semiconductor medium.