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arXiv:2610.27602

Resolving Nonlocal State Reduction via Induced Coherence in Frequency-Comb Biphoton Sources

Tai Hyun Yoon

quant-phSubmitted Oct 20, 2026• Announced Oct 21, 2026• 0 citations
v1 · Oct 20, 2026v2 · Oct 23, 2026
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Abstract

How macroscopic definite outcomes and nonlocal correlations emerge from entangled superpositions across spacelike-separated regions without superluminal action or {\it ad hoc} wavefunction collapse remains a defining open question in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Here, we resolve this century-long paradox within \textit{linear} relativistic quantum electrodynamics by developing an open-system and measurement-defined framework realized in dual, spacelike-separated nonlinear crystals driven synchronously by a multi-mode optical frequency comb and seeded by an ultra-narrow coherent laser. Expanding the transverse electromagnetic vector potential into discrete single-photon frequency-comb supermodes, we show that tracing out the unmeasured continuous-wave idler field yields an exact spatial dephasing Lindblad master equation whose decoherence rate is governed by the non-orthogonal state overlap of single-photon-added coherent states. Connecting this open-system map to free-vector-space quotient measurement theory, we demonstrate that single-particle interference arises from the geometric projection of the composite state onto detector-defined conditional cosets rather than remote collapse, establishing strict operational equivalence across pump, seed, and signal phase scans. The resulting wave-particle-entanglement triality equality $P^2 + E^2 + V^2 = 1$ is saturated across the complete parameter space, while the atomic-clock-referenced comb structure anchors continuous-variable time-frequency displacement stabilizers directly at the hardware layer. Our work unifies induced coherence, Bohr's complementarity, and quotient measurement theory, providing a microscopic pathway toward fault-tolerant bosonic quantum information processing.

Comments
41 pages, 4 main figures and 1 SM figure

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Introduction: Proceeding from the recently discovered ghost frequency-time comb (GFC) of 50% contrast found through intensity-intensity correlation measurements of multi-cavity-mode continues-wave (CW) laser beams, this report further extends this analysis to a novel type of entangled coherent state, or entangled laser beams, capable of producing GFC of 100% contrast, described as the “quantum ghost frequency-time comb” (QGFC). Despite being in continuous-wave operation, both classical and entangled laser beams produce sharp periodic comb-like correlation functions. Why is there a “nonlocal” and periodic correlation between the two distant locally and independently measured CW laser beams? Can the GFC and QGFC phenomena be interpreted as correlations between statistical intensity fluctuations? For the QGFC specifically, this question becomes particularly acute: How do “zero-coincidences” occur in the measurement of CW laser beams? Why do “zero-coincidences” occur periodically? This report address these questions. Although both GFC and QGFC are observed, or more precisely, calculated from locally measured intensity fluctuations, the 50% contrast GFC is caused by an incoherent superposition of quantum probability amplitudes of all possible randomly paired cavity modes, while the 100% contrast QGFC is caused by a coherent superposition of quantum probability amplitudes of all possible entangled pairs of cavity-modes, where these amplitudes contribute to a nonlocal joint photodetection event. Experimental observations of GFC and QGFC may finally resolve the long-standing debate between classical statistics and quantum coherence. Besides their fundamental significance, bright GFC and QGFC make important contributions to the fields of nonlocal positioning, time transfer and precision spectroscopy. High-brightness entangled laser beams may also open up new applications that might not be realizable by using entangled photon pairs at the single-photon level.
Shih (2026) reported the observation of ghost frequency-time combs (GFC, 50% contrast) from continuous-wave laser beams, and theoretically predicted quantum ghost frequency-time combs (QGFC, 100% contrast) from entangled coherent states, concluding that classical statistical theory cannot explain the phenomena and that quantum coherence theory — specifically non-local superposition of probability amplitudes — is required. This paper demonstrates that the GFC and QGFC are fully consistent with the Conjugate Photonic Model (CPM) without invoking either vacuum agents or non-local wave-function collapse. In the CPM, each photon is a rotating dipole with internal phase . The GFC emerges from the local beating between the internal phases of randomly paired dipoles across the two detectors — the same mechanism responsible for photonic trimers and mode-locking. The QGFC emerges from the phase synchrony imposed by the energy conservation condition — the macroscopic analogue of the Pi-Cosmic Generating Function . The Path provides fixed propagation conditions (, , ) with no internal structure to act as vacuum agent. The "non-locality" of GFC is resolved: the correlation is local in the phase of each dipole, propagated deterministically through the closed Energy–Path system to the two detectors.
This paper introduces a dual-clock framework that unifies quantum mechanics, general relativity, and thermodynamics through a single dynamical equation governing temporal evolution. The model proposes that physical time emerges from interference between two counter-propagating temporal waves: an entropic wave driving phase-space exploration and a Lagrangian wave driving action minimization. Their interaction produces a universal refresh constant τ that regulates coherence across all physical systems. The framework recovers standard quantum and relativistic equations as limiting cases (τ = 0) while predicting measurable deviations for τ ≠ 0. The primary experimental prediction is a differential frequency offset between co-located optical atomic clocks of different species: δR ≈ -7 × 10⁻¹⁸, testable with emerging 10⁻¹⁹-precision clock technology. Numerical simulations demonstrate stability over 3.17 × 10¹⁵ equivalent years, reproducing FRW cosmological expansion, gravitational time dilation, and QED phase behavior. The model provides geometric explanations for quantum measurement collapse, black-hole singularities as temporal degree-of-freedom mergers, and biological quantum coherence in photosynthetic systems. This work presents a falsifiable, minimal extension to the Standard Model requiring no new particles or hidden dimensions, testable with near-term atomic clock experiments.
We present Chronon Field Theory (CFT), a covariant framework in which large–scale spacetime geometry—including temporal order and causal structure—emerges from the coarse–grained dynamics of a single future–directed timelike field Φμ(x). Within this approach, both the unit–norm property of Φμ and the Lorentzian signature of gμν are not postulated but arise uniquely from random microscopic chronon dynamics under broad symmetry and locality assumptions. Quantum phenomena are reinterpreted in this geometric setting: double–slit interference results from phase–coherent Φ–threads rather than superposed particle paths, and measurement appears as a boundary–induced alignment of microscopic orientations with the apparatus’s macroscopic field, yielding definite outcomes without collapse or branching. Schrödinger’s cat is then a straightforward macro–micro coupling with no persistent macroscopic superposition, while EPR–type entanglement reflects shared Φ–thread ancestry across spacelike separations. The Born rule follows from the unbiased martingale structure of alignment dynamics and from coarse–graining symmetries, making it an emergent statistical law; the uncertainty principle appears as a statistical bound on chronon fluctuations, with ℏ arising as the variance of coarse–grained action. CFT thus provides a covariant and ontologically economical framework linking spacetime symmetries to quantum measurement, and predicts scale–dependent effects—such as nonlinear decoherence and curvature–sensitive timing shifts—that are open to experimental test.