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arXiv:2609.39393

Spectrally Selective Charging of an Interacting Quantum Battery via an Anharmonic Mediator

Sujay Mondal, Anumita Mukhopadhyay, Siddhartha Dutta, Abhijit Bandyopadhyay

quant-phSubmitted Sep 30, 2026• Announced Oct 1, 2026• 0 citations
v1 · Sep 30, 2026v2 · Oct 28, 2026
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Abstract

We investigate a finite-time quantum-battery charging architecture in which a driven two-level working system transfers nonequilibrium resources to an interacting two-qubit battery through a weakly anharmonic three-level mediator. Finite-time driving generates coherence and ergotropy, while excitation-number conservation organizes the transfer into distinct dynamical sectors. The mediator then provides spectrally selective charging channels: its lower transition enables nearly complete single-excitation transfer with negligible residual mediator energy, whereas initial mediator loading activates a cross-resonant two-excitation cascade toward the doubly excited battery state. The latter exhibits a modest reduction in transfer efficiency due to the unequal collective matrix elements of the effective three-state chain. Detuning scans quantify the spectral tolerance, and the full mixed-state dynamics reveals distinct energy- and ergotropy-transfer profiles. Finite-time compression, thermal reset, and switching work close the cycle-level energy balance to numerical precision. The resulting scheme combines nonequilibrium resource generation, spectral selectivity, coherent multilevel charging, and thermodynamic cycle closure within a single architecture.

Comments
18 pages, 7 figures

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We investigate a finite-time quantum-battery charging architecture in which a driven two-level working system transfers nonequilibrium resources to an interacting two-qubit battery through a weakly anharmonic three-level mediator. Finite-time driving generates coherence and ergotropy, while excitation-number conservation organizes the transfer into distinct dynamical sectors. The mediator then provides spectrally selective charging channels: its lower transition enables nearly complete single-excitation transfer with negligible residual mediator energy, whereas initial mediator loading activates a cross-resonant two-excitation cascade toward the doubly excited battery state. The latter exhibits a modest reduction in transfer efficiency due to the unequal collective matrix elements of the effective three-state chain. Detuning scans quantify the spectral tolerance, and the full mixed-state dynamics reveals distinct energy- and ergotropy-transfer profiles. Finite-time compression, thermal reset, and switching work close the cycle-level energy balance to numerical precision. The resulting scheme combines nonequilibrium resource generation, spectral selectivity, coherent multilevel charging, and thermodynamic cycle closure within a single architecture.
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Suppressing coherent energy backflow while maintaining extractable energy in a stable nonequilibrium state remains a central challenge for quantum energy storage. Here, we introduce a reservoir-engineered dual-charger quantum battery architecture, in which nonequilibrium dissipation is exploited as a control resource to stabilize useful stored energy. A hot-reservoir-coupled driver supplies excitations, while a cold-reservoir-coupled cache biases the resonant three-body transition toward charging and suppresses the dressed-state coherences responsible for energy backflow. This mechanism establishes a population-inverted steady state with finite ergotropy and converts reversible charger--battery exchange into persistent energy storage. For uniformly spaced multilevel batteries, we show that the stored energy and ergotropy scale approximately linearly with the number of accessible levels, while the stored-energy utilization approaches unity. The accompanying stationary heat current provides a thermodynamic signature of the charging regime. Our results demonstrate dissipation engineering as a strategy for achieving stable and scalable quantum energy storage beyond transient coherent charging protocols.
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