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arXiv:2607.26745

High-fidelity multiqubit gates with Rydberg atoms via level-crossing-free Rapid adiabatic passage

Yichi Zhang, Ximo Wang, Zhenqi Bai, Xu Zhao, Tiecheng Wang

quant-phSubmitted Jul 29, 2026• Announced Jul 30, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

We propose a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme based on level-crossing-free pulses for deterministic generation of multiqubit entangled states in Rydberg atom systems. Unlike conventional RAP protocols that rely on level crossings, our approach uses an antisymmetric Rabi frequency and an even-symmetric detuning, enabling robust population transfer without passing through any level crossing. By exploiting the Rydberg blockade effect, the protocol prepares entangled states directly from an initial product state. Specifically, two sequential RAP pulses separated by a pi_g pulse generate two-qubit Bell states, three-qubit W states, four-qubit GHZ states, and six-qubit honeycomb W states. Numerical simulations show that the fidelities exceed 0.9997 for the Bell and three-qubit W states, reach 0.997 for the four-qubit GHZ state, and surpass 0.9995 for the six-qubit honeycomb W state. The scheme demonstrates excellent robustness against pulse parameter fluctuations, with fidelities remaining above 0.99 under +/-5% parameter variations. This work provides a simple, efficient, and robust method for entangled-state preparation in neutral-atom quantum information processing.

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We propose a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme based on level-crossing-free pulses for deterministic generation of multiqubit entangled states in Rydberg atom systems. Unlike conventional RAP protocols that rely on level crossings, our approach uses an antisymmetric Rabi frequency and an even-symmetric detuning, enabling robust population transfer without passing through any level crossing. By exploiting the Rydberg blockade effect, the protocol prepares entangled states directly from an initial product state. Specifically, two sequential RAP pulses separated by a pi_g pulse generate two-qubit Bell states, three-qubit W states, four-qubit GHZ states, and six-qubit honeycomb W states. Numerical simulations show that the fidelities exceed 0.9997 for the Bell and three-qubit W states, reach 0.997 for the four-qubit GHZ state, and surpass 0.9995 for the six-qubit honeycomb W state. The scheme demonstrates excellent robustness against pulse parameter fluctuations, with fidelities remaining above 0.99 under +/-5% parameter variations. This work provides a simple, efficient, and robust method for entangled-state preparation in neutral-atom quantum information processing.
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We propose a controlled-Z gate scheme for Rydberg atoms based on level-crossing-free echoing rapid adiabatic population transfer. We design antisymmetric Rabi frequency pulses and symmetric detuning pulses, enabling the system to completely avoid level-crossing points throughout the evolution, and the dynamical phase is naturally eliminated by the time-reversal symmetry of the double-pulse sequence. We incorporate dissipative effects through the Lindblad master equation. The numerical simulation yields a two-qubit CZ gate fidelity of 0.9999. When the Rabi-frequency fluctuation is within ±2%\pm 2\%±2%, and the detuning offset is within ±1%\pm 1\%±1%, the fidelity can still remain above 0.999. Under the same dissipative model, the three-qubit CCZ gate achieves a fidelity of 0.999. When a single-parameter fluctuation does not exceed ±3%\pm 3\%±3%, the fidelity is always higher than 0.997. Our scheme requires no laser phase jumps or fast switching operations. The zero-area pulse structure suppresses first-order intensity noise, and the symmetric double-pulse sequence avoids spatially resolved laser switching, making it suitable for parallel gate operations in large-scale neutral-atom arrays.
High-fidelity and robust quantum gates are essential for quantum information processing, with neutral Rydberg atoms trapped in optical tweezer arrays serving as a versatile platform for the implementation. We propose a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme for achieving a high-fidelity controlled-ZZZ (CZ) gate on a neutral-atom Rydberg platform. Utilizing only global laser dressing, our scheme involves echoing two identical RAP pulses within the Rydberg blockade regime to realize a CZ gate and can be readily extended to a CkZ{\mathrm{C}}^{k}\mathrm{Z}CkZ gate with additional qubits. We predict a CZ gate with fidelity over 0.9995 using alkali-metal atom parameters, and a CCZ gate with fidelity exceeding 0.999. Moreover, the direct utilization of echoing RAP pulses enables the implementation of a four-bit CCCZ gate at fidelity over 0.996 without further optimization. The proposed scheme, remarkably robust to variations in driving fields and realistic decoherence effects, holds promise for future quantum information processing applications.
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Abstract We review methods for coherently controlling Rydberg quantum states of atomic ensembles using adiabatic rapid passage and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These methods are commonly used for population inversion in simple two-level and three-level systems. We show that adiabatic techniques allow us to control population and phase dynamics of complex entangled states of mesoscopic atomic ensembles for quantum information processing with Rydberg atoms. We also propose several schemes of single-qubit and two-qubit gates based on adiabatic passage, Rydberg blockade and Förster resonances in Rydberg atoms.
Combining adiabatic passage and Rydberg antiblockade, we propose a scheme to implement a two-qubit phase gate between two Rydberg atoms. Detuning parameters between frequencies of atomic transitions and those of the corresponding driving lasers are carefully chosen to offset the blockade effect of two Rydberg atoms, so that an effective Hamiltonian, representing a single-photon detuning Λ-type three-level system and concluding the quantum state of two Rydberg atoms excited simultaneously, is obtained. The adiabatic-passage technique, based on the effective Hamiltonian, is adopted to implement a two-atom phase gate by using two time-dependent Rabi frequencies. Numerical simulations indicate that a high-fidelity two-qubit π -phase gate is constructed and its operation time does not have to be controlled accurately. Besides, owing to the long coherence time of the Rydberg state, the phase gate is robust against atomic spontaneous emission.