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arXiv:2408.17048 · Physical Review A

Efficient generation of multiqubit entanglement states using rapid adiabatic passage

Shijie Xu, Xinwei Li, Jinbin Li, Jinbin Li, Ming Xue

Published Aug 19, 2024• 6 citations
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Abstract

We propose the implementation of a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme to generate entanglement in Rydberg atom-array systems. This method transforms a product state in a multiqubit system into an entangled state with high fidelity and robustness. By employing global and continuous driving laser fields, we demonstrate the generation of a two-qubit Bell state and a three-qubit $W$ state, via sequential RAP pulses within the Rydberg blockade regime. As an illustrative example, applying this technique to alkali-metal atoms, we predict fidelities exceeding 0.9995 for the two-qubit Bell and three-qubit $W$ state, along with excellent robustness. Furthermore, our scheme can be extended to generate entanglement between weakly coupled atoms and to create four-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states through spatial correlations. Our approach holds the potential for extension to larger atomic arrays, offering a straightforward and efficient method to generate high-fidelity entangled states in neutral atom systems.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.110.023108

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We propose the implementation of a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme to generate entanglement in Rydberg atom-array systems. This method transforms a product state in a multiqubit system into an entangled state with high fidelity and robustness. By employing global and continuous driving laser fields, we demonstrate the generation of a two-qubit Bell state and a three-qubit WWW state, via sequential RAP pulses within the Rydberg blockade regime. As an illustrative example, applying this technique to alkali-metal atoms, we predict fidelities exceeding 0.9995 for the two-qubit Bell and three-qubit WWW state, along with excellent robustness. Furthermore, our scheme can be extended to generate entanglement between weakly coupled atoms and to create four-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states through spatial correlations. Our approach holds the potential for extension to larger atomic arrays, offering a straightforward and efficient method to generate high-fidelity entangled states in neutral atom systems.
We propose a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme based on level-crossing-free pulses for deterministic generation of multiqubit entangled states in Rydberg atom systems. Unlike conventional RAP protocols that rely on level crossings, our approach uses an antisymmetric Rabi frequency and an even-symmetric detuning, enabling robust population transfer without passing through any level crossing. By exploiting the Rydberg blockade effect, the protocol prepares entangled states directly from an initial product state. Specifically, two sequential RAP pulses separated by a pi_g pulse generate two-qubit Bell states, three-qubit W states, four-qubit GHZ states, and six-qubit honeycomb W states. Numerical simulations show that the fidelities exceed 0.9997 for the Bell and three-qubit W states, reach 0.997 for the four-qubit GHZ state, and surpass 0.9995 for the six-qubit honeycomb W state. The scheme demonstrates excellent robustness against pulse parameter fluctuations, with fidelities remaining above 0.99 under +/-5% parameter variations. This work provides a simple, efficient, and robust method for entangled-state preparation in neutral-atom quantum information processing.
High-fidelity and robust quantum gates are essential for quantum information processing, with neutral Rydberg atoms trapped in optical tweezer arrays serving as a versatile platform for the implementation. We propose a rapid adiabatic passage (RAP) scheme for achieving a high-fidelity controlled-ZZZ (CZ) gate on a neutral-atom Rydberg platform. Utilizing only global laser dressing, our scheme involves echoing two identical RAP pulses within the Rydberg blockade regime to realize a CZ gate and can be readily extended to a CkZ{\mathrm{C}}^{k}\mathrm{Z}CkZ gate with additional qubits. We predict a CZ gate with fidelity over 0.9995 using alkali-metal atom parameters, and a CCZ gate with fidelity exceeding 0.999. Moreover, the direct utilization of echoing RAP pulses enables the implementation of a four-bit CCCZ gate at fidelity over 0.996 without further optimization. The proposed scheme, remarkably robust to variations in driving fields and realistic decoherence effects, holds promise for future quantum information processing applications.
Abstract We present a robust protocol for implementing high-fidelity multiqubit controlled phase gates (C k Z) on neutral atom qubits coupled to highly excited Rydberg states. Our approach is based on extending adiabatic rapid passage to two-photon excitation via a short-lived intermediate excited state common to alkali-atom Rydberg experiments, accounting for the full impact of spontaneous decay and differential AC Stark shifts from the complete manifold of hyperfine excited states. We evaluate and optimise gate performance, concluding that for Cs and currently available laser frequencies and powers, a CCZ gate with fidelity F > 0.995 for three qubits and CCCZ with F > 0.99 for four qubits is attainable in ∼ 1.8 μs via this protocol. Higher fidelities are accessible with future technologies, and our results highlight the utility of neutral atom arrays for the native implementation of multiqubit unitaries.
We revisit the implementation of a two-qubit entangling gate, the M\o{}lmer-S\o{}rensen gate, using the adiabatic Rydberg dressing paradigm for neutral atoms as studied in [A. Mitra et al., Phys. Rev. A 101, 030301(R) (2020)]. We study the implementation of rapid adiabatic passage using a two-photon transition, which does not require the use of an ultraviolet laser, and can be implemented using only amplitude modulation of one field with all laser frequencies fixed. We find that entangling gate fidelities, comparable to the one-photon excitation, are achievable with the two-photon excitation. Moreover, we address how the adiabatic dressing protocol can be used to implement entangling gates outside the regime of a perfect Rydberg blockade. We show that, by using adiabatic dressing, we can achieve scaling of the gate fidelity set by the fundamental limits to entanglement generated by the Rydberg interactions while simultaneously retaining a limited population in the doubly excited Rydberg state. This allows for fast high-fidelity gates for atoms separated beyond the blockade radius.
We consider systems of two and three qubits, mutually coupled by Heisenberg-type exchange interaction and interacting with external laser fields. We show that these systems allow one to create maximally entangled Bell states, as well as three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger and WWW states. In particular, we point out that some of the target states are the eigenstates of the initial bare system. Due to this, one can create entangled states by means of pulse area and adiabatic techniques, when starting from a separable (nonentangled) ground state. On the other hand, for target states, not present initially in the eigensystem of the model, we apply the robust stimulated Raman adiabatic passage and $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulse techniques, that create desired coherent superpositions of nonentangled eigenstates.
Entangled states are crucial for modern quantum enabled technology which makes their creation key for future developments. In this paper, a robust quantum control methodology is presented to create entangled states of two typical classes, the W and the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ). It was developed from the analysis of a chain of alkali atoms [Formula: see text] interaction with laser pulses, which leads to the two-photon transitions from the ground to the Rydberg states with a predetermined magnetic quantum number. The methodology is based on the mechanism of the two-photon excitation, adiabatic for the GHZ and non-adiabatic for the W state, induced by the overlapping chirped pulses and governed by the Rabi frequency, the one-photon detuning, and the strength of the Rydberg-Rydberg interactions.