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arXiv:2607.15767

Controlling charge and spin currents through nonreciprocal dissipative processes

Catalin-Mihai Halati, Jean-Sébastien Bernier

cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.str-elquant-phSubmitted Jul 17, 2026• Announced Jul 20, 2026• 0 citations
v1 · Jul 17, 2026v2 · Aug 17, 2026
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Abstract

We investigate the generation and control of both charge and spin currents via nonreciprocal dissipative mechanisms in a two-dimensional spinful fermionic atom quantum system with broken inversion and time-reversal symmetries. Within the Gorini-Kossakowski-Sudarshan-Lindblad master equation formalism and using an approach based on the time-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble, we identify in the weak dissipative coupling regime the minimal set of nonreciprocal jump operators required to induce charge and spin currents and to control both their direction and magnitude. We find that in the presence of finite tunneling, Rashba coupling and magnetic field, the combine application of two jump operators nonreciprocally coupling each spin species to a different spatial direction of motion is sufficient to generate both types of current. Furthermore, by tuning the degree of nonreciprocity of the jump operators we modify the dominant transport mechanism from spin to charge. Finally, we checked that this nonreciprocal current generation mechanism is robust to the application of dephasing noise as even in the presence of this additional dissipative process the steady-state occupation distributions for the quasiparticle modes of the Hamiltonian remains non-trivial, an essential requirement to obtain non-zero currents.

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One-way nonreciprocal interactions between two quantum systems are typically described by a cascaded quantum master equation, and rely on an effective breaking of time-reversal symmetry (TRS) as well as the balancing of coherent and dissipative interactions.Here, we present a new approach for obtaining nonreciprocal quantum interactions that is completely distinct from cascaded quantum systems, and that does not in general require broken TRS.Our method relies on a local gauge symmetry present in any Markovian Lindblad master equation.This new kind of quantum nonreciprocity has many implications, including a new mechanism for performing dissipative steady-state unitary gate operations on a target quantum system.We also introduce a new, extremely general quantum-information-based metric for quantifying quantum nonreciprocity.
We present a unified study of charge and spin qubits encoded in a single interacting quantum dot tunnel-coupled to Rashba fermionic leads. The dot is described by an Anderson impurity Hamiltonian with either repulsive or attractive local interactions and a magnetic field of arbitrary orientation. In the repulsive regime, a spin qubit is encoded in the singly occupied spin sector, whereas in the attractive regime, close to the degeneracy between the empty and doubly occupied configurations, these two states define a charge-qubit subspace. We combine a weak-coupling Lindblad master equation in the Markovian secular limit with numerically controlled matrix-product-state simulations of the full dot-reservoir system. In equilibrium, we identify magnetic pair breaking in the attractive regime and a weak Rashba-induced magnetic anisotropy when the magnetic field is rotated relative to the spin-orbit axis. In the dynamical regime, relaxation and decoherence are controlled by the energetic gap between the logical manifold and nearby leakage states, and are further enhanced by Rashba-dependent tunneling. These findings show that even a minimal Anderson-impurity description captures key ingredients for coherent spin and charge qubits: the energetic structure of leakage states and spin-orbit-dependent dot-lead hybridization.
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We study an open quantum spin chain with non-reciprocal dissipation using a theoretical approach known as time-dependent generalized Gibbs ensemble. In the regime of weak dissipation the system is fully characterized by its rapidity distribution and we derive a closed set of coupled differential equations governing their time evolution. We check the accuracy of this theory by benchmarking the results against numerical simulations. Using this framework we are able to compute both the magnetization density and current dynamics, identifying some relations between the two. The problem of the anomalous power-law exponents identified in a previous work is discussed. Our work constitutes a theoretical approach that is able to describe the physics of non-reciprocal open quantum spin chains beyond analyses based on non-interacting fermions.
We demonstrate that persistent currents can be induced in a quantum system in contact with a structured reservoir, without the need of any applied gauge field. The working principle of the mechanism leading to their presence is based on the extension to the many-body scenario of nonreciprocal Lindblad dynamics, recently put forward by Metelmann and Clerk, Phys. Rev. X 5, 021025 (2015): Nonreciprocity can be generated by suitably balancing coherent interactions with their corresponding dissipative version, induced by the coupling to a common structured environment, so as to make the total interactions directional. Specifically, we consider an interacting spin- (or boson-) model in a ring-shaped one-dimensional lattice coupled to an external bath. By employing a combination of cluster mean-field, exact diagonalization, and matrix-product-operator techniques, we show that solely dissipative effects suffice to engineer steady states with a persistent current that survives in the limit of large systems. We also verify the robustness of such current in the presence of additional dissipative or Hamiltonian perturbation terms.