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arXiv:2607.13145 · AVS Quantum Science

A robust and modular cesium magneto-optical trap using divergent laser beams

Paola Luna, Kenneth Nakasone, Andrei Zhukov, Philip Wondrak, Brian P. Anderson, Benjamin F. Kanzer, Cristian D. Panda

physics.atom-phphysics.opticsquant-phSubmitted Jul 14, 2026• Announced Jul 16, 2026• 1 citation• Revised Oct 17, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Jul 14, 2026v2 · Oct 17, 2026
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Magneto-optical traps (MOTs) are a workhorse technology for neutral-atom quantum sensing, simulation, and computing. Here, we demonstrate a MOT optimized for inertial quantum sensing and precision metrology applications. Our MOT traps $4\times10^8$ cesium (Cs) atoms in a robust, modular system that achieves stable operation through two design features: (1) we use divergent cooling laser beams to reduce unwanted reflections and (2) optical elements are mounted in a fiber-coupled, compact, and modular cage rigidly attached to the vacuum chamber. Following polarization-gradient cooling (PGC), the system produces atom samples with temperatures below 10 $μ$K, similar to those achieved in conventional MOTs that use collimated laser beams. In addition, we observe trapping of $2\times10^7$ Cs atoms in a non-conventional MOT geometry, where the cooling laser beams are diagonal to the principal axis of the quadrupole magnetic field.

Journal reference
AVS Quantum Sci. 8, 044401 (2026)
DOI
10.1116/5.0352620
Comments
15 pages, 8 figures

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Cold atoms form the backbone of many quantum technology applications, including quantum computation, sensing, and networking. These experiments require a robust cold atom source, precise control of beam parameters, and large optical access. We demonstrate a compact cesium magneto-optical trap (MOT) directly loaded from background vapor, with a footprint of 34 × 56 cm2. The quadrupole and compensation coils are mounted on additively manufactured components, eliminating the need for water cooling and minimizing eddy currents, which enables fast magnetic field switching with a measured settling time of 240 μs. Finite element analysis confirms the mechanical robustness and thermal stability of the coil mounts. The MOT achieves 5 × 106 atoms at a density of 109 cm-3, with a temperature of 76 ± 2 μK, demonstrating a reliable and compact platform suitable for quantum technology experiments.
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