arXiv:2606.23528 · Physical Review A

Dipolar Bose-Bose mixture of dysprosium isotopes with controllable interspecies interactions

M. Dürbeck, L. Reihs, J. P. Marulanda-Serna, B. Choudhari, J. Seifert, N. Werum, Gerard Meijer, G. Valtolina

Published Aug 11, 2026• 0 citations

Abstract

We report on the realization of a quantum-degenerate Bose-Bose mixture of Dy 162 and Dy 164 . Owing to the near-identical mass and polarizability of the two isotopes, the mixture thermalizes efficiently, with evaporation trajectories closely following those of the single-isotope case. Using a broad interspecies Feshbach resonance, we explore a miscible-immiscible transition between the two Bose-Einstein condensates. The tunability of the interspecies interaction, combined with the large magnetic dipole moment of Dy, makes this platform well suited for exploring dipolar effects in ultracold mixtures, including multicomponent supersolidity.

DOI: 10.1103/8sfh-215x

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arXiv:2606.23528 · Physical Review A

Dipolar Bose-Bose mixture of dysprosium isotopes with controllable interspecies interactions

M. Dürbeck, L. Reihs, J. P. Marulanda-Serna, B. Choudhari, J. Seifert, N. Werum, Gerard Meijer, G. Valtolina

Published Aug 11, 2026• 0 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

DOI: 10.1103/8sfh-215x

Related papers

Binary Dipolar Condensates of Dysprosium Isotopes with Tunable Spatial Order

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^{162}

Dy and

^{164}

Dy in a single-species-like apparatus. The mixture combines nearly matched single-particle Hamiltonians, tunable interactions and composition parameters, and isotope-resolved characterization. Tuning the interaction balance and relative composition reorganizes the coupled condensates from a miscible state into core--shell-like, side-by-side, and exchanged core--shell-like immiscible configurations. These results establish dysprosium isotope mixtures as a compact and versatile platform for multicomponent dipolar quantum matter, ranging from impurity physics to binary supersolidity.

s

-wave scattering length of

^{166}\mathrm{Er}

condensate in a $^{164}\mathrm{Dy}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{166}\mathrm{Er}$ mixture is larger than its intraspecies dipolar length implies that the

^{166}\mathrm{Er}

condensate itself will not be in a regime of dominated dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). However, we find that the presence of

^{164}\mathrm{Dy}

atoms with high magnetic moment induces droplet nucleation and supersolidity in the

^{166}\mathrm{Er}

condensate via the long-range and anisotropic interspecies DDI. Remarkably, we find that the imbalance in the magnetic dipole moment combined with its strong anisotropic coupling leads to the emergence of unique ground-state phases. The emerging phases include doubly superfluid states, a mixture of insulating droplets and supersolid states, binary supersolids with uniform and alternating domains and a combination of supersolid-superfluid mixed states. We delineate the properties of all these ground-state phases and construct a phase diagram. We also explore the dynamical evolution across these phase boundaries via a linear quench of interspecies scattering length. Although we demonstrate the result for the $^{164}\mathrm{Dy}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{166}\mathrm{Er}$ mixture, our results are generally valid for other dipolar bosonic mixtures of different Dy-Er isotope combinations and may become an important benchmark for future experimental scenarios.

We report on the realization of a mixture of fermionic

^{161}\mathrm{Dy}

and fermionic

^{40}\mathrm{K}

where both species are deep in the quantum-degenerate regime. Both components are spin polarized in their absolute ground states, and the low temperatures are achieved by means of evaporative cooling of the dipolar dysprosium atoms together with sympathetic cooling of the potassium atoms. We describe the trapping and cooling methods, in particular the final evaporation stage, which leads to Fermi degeneracy of both species. Analyzing cross-species thermalization we obtain an estimate of the magnitude of the interspecies

s

-wave scattering length at low magnetic field. We demonstrate magnetic levitation of the mixture as a tool to ensure spatial overlap of the two components. The properties of the Dy-K mixture make it a very promising candidate to explore the physics of strongly interacting mass-imbalanced Fermi-Fermi mixtures.

This thesis reports the formation of a dual-species Bose-Einstein condensate of

^{87}

Rb and

^{133}

Cs in the same trapping potential. Quantum degenerate mixtures exhibit rich physics inaccessible to single species experiments and provide an ideal starting point for the creation of ultracold dipolar molecules. These molecules offer a wealth of new research avenues including precision metrology, quantum simulation and computation. The experimental method exploits the efficient sympathetic cooling of

^{133}

Cs via elastic collisions with

^{87}

Rb, initially in a magnetic quadrupole trap and subsequently in a levitated optical trap. Evaporative cooling in the dipole trap must compete against a high interspecies three-body inelastic collision rate \mbox{

\sim10^{-25}-10^{-26}

~cm

^{6}/

s}. The two condensates each contain up to \mbox{

2\times10^{4}

} atoms and exhibit a striking phase separation, revealing the mixture to be immiscible due to strong repulsive interspecies interactions. Sacrificing all the

^{87}

Rb during the cooling leads to the creation of single-species

^{133}

Cs condensates of up to \mbox{

6\times10^{4}

} atoms. In addition this thesis reports the observation of an interspecies Feshbach resonance at 181.7(5)~G and the creation of a pure sample of Cs

_{2}

molecules via magneto-association on the 4(g)4 resonance at 19.8~G. These results represent important steps towards the creation of ultracold polar RbCs molecules.