arXiv:1807.07555 · Physical Review Letters

Dipolar Quantum Mixtures of Erbium and Dysprosium Atoms

A. Trautmann, P. Ilzhöfer, Gianmaria Durastante, Claudia Politi, Maximilian Sohmen, Manfred J. Mark, Francesca Ferlaino

Published Nov 21, 2018• 147 citations

Abstract

We report on the first realization of heteronuclear dipolar quantum mixtures of highly magnetic erbium and dysprosium atoms. With a versatile experimental setup, we demonstrate binary Bose-Einstein condensation in five different Er-Dy isotope combinations, as well as one Er-Dy Bose-Fermi mixture. Finally, we present first studies of the interspecies interaction between the two species for one mixture.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.213601

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arXiv:1807.07555 · Physical Review Letters

Dipolar Quantum Mixtures of Erbium and Dysprosium Atoms

A. Trautmann, P. Ilzhöfer, Gianmaria Durastante, Claudia Politi, Maximilian Sohmen, Manfred J. Mark, Francesca Ferlaino

Published Nov 21, 2018• 147 citations

arXiv HTML PDF

Abstract

DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.213601

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We report on the observation of heteronuclear magnetic Feshbach resonances in several isotope mixtures of the highly magnetic elements erbium and dysprosium. Among many narrow features, we identify two resonances with a width greater than one Gauss. We characterize one of these resonances, in a mixture of $^{168}\mathrm{Er}$ and $^{164}\mathrm{Dy}$ , in terms of loss rates and elastic cross section, and observe a temperature dependence of the on-resonance loss rate suggestive of a universal scaling associated with broad resonances. Our observations hold promise for the use of such a resonance for tuning the interspecies scattering properties in a dipolar mixture. We further compare the prevalence of narrow resonances in an $^{166}\mathrm{Er}\ensuremath{-}^{164}\mathrm{Dy}$ mixture to the single-species case, and observe an increased density of resonances in the mixture.We report on the observation of heteronuclear magnetic Feshbach resonances in several isotope mixtures of the highly magnetic elements erbium and dysprosium. Among many narrow features, we identify two resonances with a width greater than one Gauss. We characterize one of these resonances, in a mixture of $^{168}\mathrm{Er}$ and $^{164}\mathrm{Dy}$, in terms of loss rates and elastic cross section, and observe a temperature dependence of the on-resonance loss rate suggestive of a universal scaling associated with broad resonances. Our observations hold promise for the use of such a resonance for tuning the interspecies scattering properties in a dipolar mixture. We further compare the prevalence of narrow resonances in an $^{166}\mathrm{Er}\ensuremath{-}^{164}\mathrm{Dy}$ mixture to the single-species case, and observe an increased density of resonances in the mixture.

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^{162}

Dy and

^{164}

Dy in a single-species-like apparatus. The mixture combines nearly matched single-particle Hamiltonians, tunable interactions and composition parameters, and isotope-resolved characterization. Tuning the interaction balance and relative composition reorganizes the coupled condensates from a miscible state into core--shell-like, side-by-side, and exchanged core--shell-like immiscible configurations. These results establish dysprosium isotope mixtures as a compact and versatile platform for multicomponent dipolar quantum matter, ranging from impurity physics to binary supersolidity.

s

-wave scattering length of

^{166}\mathrm{Er}

condensate in a $^{164}\mathrm{Dy}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{166}\mathrm{Er}$ mixture is larger than its intraspecies dipolar length implies that the

^{166}\mathrm{Er}

condensate itself will not be in a regime of dominated dipole-dipole interaction (DDI). However, we find that the presence of

^{164}\mathrm{Dy}

atoms with high magnetic moment induces droplet nucleation and supersolidity in the

^{166}\mathrm{Er}

condensate via the long-range and anisotropic interspecies DDI. Remarkably, we find that the imbalance in the magnetic dipole moment combined with its strong anisotropic coupling leads to the emergence of unique ground-state phases. The emerging phases include doubly superfluid states, a mixture of insulating droplets and supersolid states, binary supersolids with uniform and alternating domains and a combination of supersolid-superfluid mixed states. We delineate the properties of all these ground-state phases and construct a phase diagram. We also explore the dynamical evolution across these phase boundaries via a linear quench of interspecies scattering length. Although we demonstrate the result for the $^{164}\mathrm{Dy}\text{\ensuremath{-}}^{166}\mathrm{Er}$ mixture, our results are generally valid for other dipolar bosonic mixtures of different Dy-Er isotope combinations and may become an important benchmark for future experimental scenarios.

{10}^{9}

Dy atoms at temperatures of about 10 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$. Our results offer an ideal starting condition for the creation of a dipolar quantum mixture of highly magnetic atoms.

^{168}\mathrm{Er}

and

^{164}\mathrm{Dy}

, in terms of loss rates and elastic cross section, and observe a temperature dependence of the on-resonance loss rate suggestive of a universal scaling associated with broad resonances. Our observations hold promise for the use of such a resonance for tuning the interspecies scattering properties in a dipolar mixture. We further compare the prevalence of narrow resonances in an $^{166}\mathrm{Er}\ensuremath{-}^{164}\mathrm{Dy}$ mixture to the single-species case, and observe an increased density of resonances in the mixture.