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arXiv:2603.26103

Control of emission interval and timing in triggered periodic superradiance

Hideaki Hara, Riku Omoto, N. Sasao, A. Yoshimi, Junseok Han, Yasutaka Imai, K. Yoshimura, M. Yoshimura, Yuki Miyamoto

Published Mar 27, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

To achieve more controllable development of coherence in solids, we investigated the effect of a trigger laser tuned to the superradiance transition wavelength on periodic superradiance observed in an Er:YSO crystal. For period control, applying the trigger laser reduced both the superradiance period and its variance, demonstrating enhanced controllability of coherence development dynamics. As the trigger laser power increased, both the period and the number of emitted superradiance photons decreased while maintaining a proportional relationship. This behavior is explained by a reduced superradiance threshold under a constant excitation rate and is reproduced by numerical simulations based on the Maxwell-Bloch equations. For timing control, we found that superradiance could be triggered even when the excitation laser alone was insufficient. This enabled us to control the emission timing of superradiance using short trigger pulses and provided a device capable of generating superradiance at desired timing.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2603.26103

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To achieve more controllable development of coherence in solids, we investigated the effect of a trigger laser tuned to the superradiance transition wavelength on periodic superradiance observed in an Er:YSO crystal. For period control, applying the trigger laser reduced both the superradiance period and its variance, demonstrating enhanced controllability of coherence development dynamics. As the trigger laser power increased, both the period and the number of emitted superradiance photons decreased while maintaining a proportional relationship. This behavior is explained by a reduced superradiance threshold under a constant excitation rate and is reproduced by numerical simulations based on the Maxwell-Bloch equations. For timing control, we found that superradiance could be triggered even when the excitation laser alone was insufficient. This enabled us to control the emission timing of superradiance using short trigger pulses and provided a device capable of generating superradiance at desired timing.
We conduct a theoretical study to understand the periodic superradiance observed in an Er:YSO crystal. First, we construct a model based on the Maxwell-Bloch equations for a reduced level system, a pair of superradiance states and a population reservoir state. Analysis of the eigenvalues of the linearized differential equations shows that periodic superradiance can be realized only for certain parameters. We also derive two-variable equations consisting of the coherence and population difference between the two superradiance states, which contain the essential feature of the periodic superradiance. The two-variable equations clarify a mathematical structure of this periodic phenomenon and give analytical forms of the period, pulse duration, and number of emitted photons. Our model successfully reproduces the periodic behavior, but the actual experimental parameters are found to be outside the parameter region for the periodic superradiance. This result implies that some other mechanism(s) is required. As one example, assuming that the field decay rate varies with the electric field, the periodic superradiance can be reproduced even under the actual experimental condition.
We observed periodic optical pulses from an Er:YSO crystal during irradiating with a continuous-wave excitation laser. We refer to this phenomenon as “periodic superradiance.” This periodicity can be understood qualitatively by a simple model, in which a cyclic process of a continuous supply of population inversion and a sudden burst of superradiance is repeated. The excitation power dependences of peak interval and the pulse area can be interpreted with our simple model. In addition, the linewidth of superradiance is much narrower than an inhomogeneous broadening in a crystal. This result suggests that only Er3+ ions in a specific environment are involved in superradiance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
We observed periodic optical pulses from an Er:YSO crystal during irradiating with an continuous-wave excitation laser. We refer to this new phenomenon as "periodic super-radiance". This periodicity can be understood qualitatively by a simple model, in which a cyclic process of a continuous supply of population inversion and a sudden burst of super-radiance is repeated. The excitation power dependences of peak interval and the pulse area can be interpreted with our simple model. In addition, the linewidth of super-radiance is much narrower than an inhomogeneous broadening in a crystal. This result suggests that only Er3+ ions in a specific environment are involved in super-radiance.
Macroscopic quantum coherence, such as in laser, Bose-Einstein condensates, superfluids, and superconductors, is important to fundamental physics and useful for quantum technologies. Superradiance provides a mechanism to produce coherence among a large number of particles and photons. Its implementation, however, has been limited to gaseous systems, solids at very low temperature, or short pulses. Here we demonstrate a solid-state superradiant maser under ambient conditions, which establishes long-lived coherence among about 101410^{14}1014 nitrogen-vacancy center spins in diamond and about 10910^9109 photons in a microwave cavity. By varying the system parameters to access the above-threshold, well-above-threshold, and deep-above-threshold regimes, we observed continuous-wave masing, periodic amplitude modulation, and sequences of superradiant bursts, which are attributed, correspondingly, to macroscopic spin coherence synchronized at a fixed frequency, a coherent time crystal of large spins, and unsynchronized superradiant transients. This work demonstrates that macroscopic quantum coherence can be spontaneously generated and maintained in solids under ambient conditions and provides a solid-state platform for exploring bright quantum lights with many-body correlations.
We develop for dipole-forbidden transition a dynamical theory of two-photon paired superradiance (PSR). This is a cooperative process characterized by two photons emitted back to back with equal energies. By irradiating the trigger laser from two target ends, with its frequency tuned at the half energy between two levels, a macroscopically coherent state of medium and fields dynamically emerges as time evolves, and a large signal of amplified output occurs with a time delay. The basic semiclassical equations in 1+11+11+1 space-time dimensions are derived for the field-plus-medium system to describe the space-time evolution of the entire system and are numerically solved to demonstrate the existence of both explosive and weak PSR phenomena in the presence of relaxation terms. The explosive PSR event terminates accompanying a sudden release of most of the energy stored in the target. Our numerical simulations are performed using the vibrational transition ${X}^{1}{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}^{+}v=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ of a para-H2{}_{2}2​ molecule and taking many different excited atom number densities and different initial coherences between the metastable and the ground states. In an example with a number density close to O(1021O({10}^{21}O(1021 cm${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) and a high initial coherence, the explosive event terminates several nanoseconds after the trigger irradiation, when the phase relaxation time larger than OOO(10 ns) is taken. After PSR events the system is expected to follow a steady-state solution which is obtained by analytic means and is made of many objects of field condensates endowed with a topological stability.