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arXiv:2304.08806

Periodic super-radiance in Er:YSO crystal

Hideaki Hara, Junseok Han, Yasutaka Imai, N. Sasao, A. Yoshimi, K. Yoshimura, M. Yoshimura, Yuki Miyamoto

Published Apr 18, 2023• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

We observed periodic optical pulses from an Er:YSO crystal during irradiating with an continuous-wave excitation laser. We refer to this new phenomenon as "periodic super-radiance". This periodicity can be understood qualitatively by a simple model, in which a cyclic process of a continuous supply of population inversion and a sudden burst of super-radiance is repeated. The excitation power dependences of peak interval and the pulse area can be interpreted with our simple model. In addition, the linewidth of super-radiance is much narrower than an inhomogeneous broadening in a crystal. This result suggests that only Er3+ ions in a specific environment are involved in super-radiance.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2304.08806

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Periodic superradiance in an Er:YSO crystal

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We observed periodic optical pulses from an Er:YSO crystal during irradiating with a continuous-wave excitation laser. We refer to this phenomenon as “periodic superradiance.” This periodicity can be understood qualitatively by a simple model, in which a cyclic process of a continuous supply of population inversion and a sudden burst of superradiance is repeated. The excitation power dependences of peak interval and the pulse area can be interpreted with our simple model. In addition, the linewidth of superradiance is much narrower than an inhomogeneous broadening in a crystal. This result suggests that only Er3+ ions in a specific environment are involved in superradiance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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Introduction

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This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the main features of super-radiance using some simplified models. It presents a review of experimental work on super-radiance. The book also presents a generalization of the Wigner–Weisskopf approach to the N -atom system using a diagram method of non-stationary perturbation theory. It discusses several correlation functions for the field and the polarization, which characterize the coherence properties of super-radiation. The book uses the semiclassical approach to investigate the influence of de-phasing processes on radiation efficiency, or in other words, the influence of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral line on the dynamics and spectrum of super-radiance. It considers the boundary value problem for the transmission and reflection of short pulses, taking into account the local field correction. Two effects are of special interest: the population-dependent frequency shift and the possibility of mirror-less bistability of ultra-short electromagnetic pulses.

CRC Press eBooks•Mar 29, 2018•0 citations
We observed periodic optical pulses from an Er:YSO crystal during irradiating with an continuous-wave excitation laser. We refer to this new phenomenon as "periodic super-radiance". This periodicity can be understood qualitatively by a simple model, in which a cyclic process of a continuous supply of population inversion and a sudden burst of super-radiance is repeated. The excitation power dependences of peak interval and the pulse area can be interpreted with our simple model. In addition, the linewidth of super-radiance is much narrower than an inhomogeneous broadening in a crystal. This result suggests that only Er3+ ions in a specific environment are involved in super-radiance.
We observed periodic optical pulses from an Er:YSO crystal during irradiating with a continuous-wave excitation laser. We refer to this phenomenon as “periodic superradiance.” This periodicity can be understood qualitatively by a simple model, in which a cyclic process of a continuous supply of population inversion and a sudden burst of superradiance is repeated. The excitation power dependences of peak interval and the pulse area can be interpreted with our simple model. In addition, the linewidth of superradiance is much narrower than an inhomogeneous broadening in a crystal. This result suggests that only Er3+ ions in a specific environment are involved in superradiance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
To achieve more controllable development of coherence in solids, we investigated the effect of a trigger laser tuned to the superradiance transition wavelength on periodic superradiance observed in an Er:YSO crystal. For period control, applying the trigger laser reduced both the superradiance period and its variance, demonstrating enhanced controllability of coherence development dynamics. As the trigger laser power increased, both the period and the number of emitted superradiance photons decreased while maintaining a proportional relationship. This behavior is explained by a reduced superradiance threshold under a constant excitation rate and is reproduced by numerical simulations based on the Maxwell-Bloch equations. For timing control, we found that superradiance could be triggered even when the excitation laser alone was insufficient. This enabled us to control the emission timing of superradiance using short trigger pulses and provided a device capable of generating superradiance at desired timing.
We conduct a theoretical study to understand the periodic superradiance observed in an Er:YSO crystal. First, we construct a model based on the Maxwell-Bloch equations for a reduced level system, a pair of superradiance states and a population reservoir state. Analysis of the eigenvalues of the linearized differential equations shows that periodic superradiance can be realized only for certain parameters. We also derive two-variable equations consisting of the coherence and population difference between the two superradiance states, which contain the essential feature of the periodic superradiance. The two-variable equations clarify a mathematical structure of this periodic phenomenon and give analytical forms of the period, pulse duration, and number of emitted photons. Our model successfully reproduces the periodic behavior, but the actual experimental parameters are found to be outside the parameter region for the periodic superradiance. This result implies that some other mechanism(s) is required. As one example, assuming that the field decay rate varies with the electric field, the periodic superradiance can be reproduced even under the actual experimental condition.
Temporal sequences of different spectral components of the 4/11/2 → 4/13/2 manifold in YAlO3:Er have been analyzed in a laser operated at 300 K. Several lines can oscillate in a spiking train. Their position in the pulse is discussed in terms of population inversion, laser linewidth, and resonant ion-ion interaction. Erbium crystals with dopant concentrations of 10, 20, and 50% have been used in the experiments. The wavelengths of the 3-µm transitions range from 2.71 to 2.92 µm. They are strongly dependent on the crystal orientation with respect to the polarization of the laser light. The polarization dependence of the most prominent emission lines has been determined for laser crystals oriented with their axes along the crystallographic a and b directions. The bandwidth of the laser lines has been measured with a resolution of 0.12 nm using a grating spectrometer in combination with an image converter. The bandwidth ranges from 0.3 nm at 2.73µm up to 2.6 nm at 2.92 µm.
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book discusses the main features of super-radiance using some simplified models. It presents a review of experimental work on super-radiance. The book also presents a generalization of the Wigner–Weisskopf approach to the N -atom system using a diagram method of non-stationary perturbation theory. It discusses several correlation functions for the field and the polarization, which characterize the coherence properties of super-radiation. The book uses the semiclassical approach to investigate the influence of de-phasing processes on radiation efficiency, or in other words, the influence of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral line on the dynamics and spectrum of super-radiance. It considers the boundary value problem for the transmission and reflection of short pulses, taking into account the local field correction. Two effects are of special interest: the population-dependent frequency shift and the possibility of mirror-less bistability of ultra-short electromagnetic pulses.