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arXiv:2608.23748

Sustained macroscopic quantum coherence in a superradiant solid under ambient conditions

Wei-Jiang Wu, Da-Wu Xiao, Wen-Tao Wang, Xin-Yu Chen, Xian-Feng Wang, Ming-Zhong Ai, Quan Li, Ren-Bao Liu

quant-phphysics.app-phphysics.opticsSubmitted Aug 24, 2026• Announced Aug 26, 2026• 0 citations
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Abstract

Macroscopic quantum coherence, such as in laser, Bose-Einstein condensates, superfluids, and superconductors, is important to fundamental physics and useful for quantum technologies. Superradiance provides a mechanism to produce coherence among a large number of particles and photons. Its implementation, however, has been limited to gaseous systems, solids at very low temperature, or short pulses. Here we demonstrate a solid-state superradiant maser under ambient conditions, which establishes long-lived coherence among about $10^{14}$ nitrogen-vacancy center spins in diamond and about $10^9$ photons in a microwave cavity. By varying the system parameters to access the above-threshold, well-above-threshold, and deep-above-threshold regimes, we observed continuous-wave masing, periodic amplitude modulation, and sequences of superradiant bursts, which are attributed, correspondingly, to macroscopic spin coherence synchronized at a fixed frequency, a coherent time crystal of large spins, and unsynchronized superradiant transients. This work demonstrates that macroscopic quantum coherence can be spontaneously generated and maintained in solids under ambient conditions and provides a solid-state platform for exploring bright quantum lights with many-body correlations.

Comments
29 pages,14 figures

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