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arXiv:2603.23411 · Modern Physics Letters A

Deformation quantization for systems with second-class constraints in deformed fermionic phase space

Bing-Sheng Lin, Tai-Hua Heng

Published Jun 7, 2022• 0 citations
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Abstract

In order to quantize systems involving second-class constraints, one should use Dirac bracket instead of Poisson bracket. Furthermore, one can specify a star product in which the term linear in [Formula: see text] is proportional to the Dirac bracket. In this way an oscillator system in a deformed fermionic phase space is analyzed and the corresponding energy level and Wigner functions are evaluated according to scheme of deformation quantization. We also study the entanglement entropy induced by the deformation of the fermionic phase space.

DOI
10.1142/s0217732322501073

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In order to quantize systems involving second-class constraints, one should use Dirac bracket instead of Poisson bracket. Furthermore, one can specify a star product in which the term linear in [Formula: see text] is proportional to the Dirac bracket. In this way an oscillator system in a deformed fermionic phase space is analyzed and the corresponding energy level and Wigner functions are evaluated according to scheme of deformation quantization. We also study the entanglement entropy induced by the deformation of the fermionic phase space.
Abstract We develop a deformation quantization approach to quantum mechanics that exhibits a nonzero minimal uncertainty in position through the modification of commutation relations for the operators of position and momentum. Deformation quantization is a method of quantizing a classical Hamiltonian system by suitably deforming the Poisson algebra of the system. The developed theory of deformation quantization is non-formal. An appropriate integral formula for the star-product is introduced, along with a suitable space of functions on which the star-product is well defined. A C*-algebra of observables and a space of states are constructed. Moreover, an operator representation in momentum space is presented. Finally, an example of states of maximal localization is given in terms of generalized Wigner functions.
The paper develop the alternative formulation of quantum mechanics known as the phase space quantum mechanics or deformation quantization. It is shown that the quantization naturally arises as an appropriate deformation of the classical Hamiltonian mechanics. More precisely, the deformation of the point-wise product of observables to an appropriate noncommutative ⋆\star⋆-product and the deformation of the Poisson bracket to an appropriate Lie bracket is the key element in introducing the quantization of classical Hamiltonian systems. The considered class of deformations and the corresponding ⋆\star⋆-products contains as a special cases all deformations which can be found in the literature devoted to the subject of the phase space quantum mechanics. Fundamental properties of ⋆\star⋆-products of observables, associated with the considered deformations are presented as well. Moreover, a space of states containing all admissible states is introduced, where the admissible states are appropriate pseudo-probability distributions defined on the phase space. It is proved that the space of states is endowed with a structure of a Hilbert algebra with respect to the ⋆\star⋆-multiplication. The most important result of the paper shows that developed formalism is more fundamental then the axiomatic ordinary quantum mechanics which appears in the presented approach as the intrinsic element of the general formalism. The equivalence of two formulations of quantum mechanics is proved by observing that the Wigner-Moyal transform has all properties of the tensor product. This observation allows writing many previous results found in the literature in a transparent way, from which the equivalence of the two formulations of quantum mechanics follows naturally.
We show that any rule for quantization of functions on the phase space of a dynamical system is equivalent to a deformation of the Poisson bracket, in the sense of Lie algebras. All Schrödinger-type quantizations are equivalent mathematically but not physically. We examine whether a quantization rule exists in which the Poisson bracket of the free Hamiltonian and any function not more than quadratic in momentum gets quantized into the commutator of the quantized versions of these two observables. We show that if the (Riemannian) configuration manifold is irreducible, this condition uniquely specifies the quantization of these functions, in the cases when it can be satisfied. However, it can only be satisfied for systems whose configuration manifolds are one-dimensional, or have vanishing Ricci tensor, or are spaces of constant curvature. Thus the condition will not serve as a general physical principle which could be invoked to fix a quantization rule.
The quantization of a dynamical system with time-dependent constraints or time-dependent Hamiltonians presents particular difficulties not only from a technical, but also from a theoretical point of view. We give here an approach to the evolution of such a quantum system in terms of star products on symplectic or canonical manifolds. These star products are particular deformations of the usual product of functions, deformations that start with the Poisson bracket. The introduction of the star products corresponds to a generalization of the Weyl–Wigner quantization on a flat phase space. This approach leads to the introduction of ‘‘two times’’ denoted t and τ, playing different roles; the time t plays the role of a geometrical time corresponding to the control, while the other, τ, which parametrizes the evolution, plays the role of a dynamical time. The classical as well as the quantum results point out the role played by the variable (t+τ). This reflects the coherence of the formalism.
We introduce a symmetric Poisson bracket that allows us to describe anticommuting fields on a classical level in the same way as commuting fields, without the use of Grassmann variables. By means of a simple example, we show how the Dirac bracket for the elimination of the second class constraints can be introduced, how the classical Hamiltonian equations can be derived and how quantization can be achieved through a direct correspondence principle. Finally, we show that the semiclassical limit of the corresponding Schroedinger equation leads back to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of the classical theory. Summarizing, it is shown that the relations between classical and quantum theory are valid for fermionic fields in exactly the same way as in the bosonic case, and that there is no need to introduce anticommuting variables on a classical level.