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arXiv:1211.4231

Poisson Bracket for Fermion Fields: Correspondence Principle, Second Class Constraints and Hamilton-Jacobi equation

Leclerc, M.

Published Nov 18, 2012• 0 citations
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Abstract

We introduce a symmetric Poisson bracket that allows us to describe anticommuting fields on a classical level in the same way as commuting fields, without the use of Grassmann variables. By means of a simple example, we show how the Dirac bracket for the elimination of the second class constraints can be introduced, how the classical Hamiltonian equations can be derived and how quantization can be achieved through a direct correspondence principle. Finally, we show that the semiclassical limit of the corresponding Schroedinger equation leads back to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of the classical theory. Summarizing, it is shown that the relations between classical and quantum theory are valid for fermionic fields in exactly the same way as in the bosonic case, and that there is no need to introduce anticommuting variables on a classical level.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.1211.4231

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We introduce a symmetric Poisson bracket that allows us to describe anticommuting fields on a classical level in the same way as commuting fields, without the use of Grassmann variables. By means of a simple example, we show how the Dirac bracket for the elimination of the second class constraints can be introduced, how the classical Hamiltonian equations can be derived and how quantization can be achieved through a direct correspondence principle. Finally, we show that the semiclassical limit of the corresponding Schroedinger equation leads back to the Hamilton-Jacobi equation of the classical theory. Summarizing, it is shown that the relations between classical and quantum theory are valid for fermionic fields in exactly the same way as in the bosonic case, and that there is no need to introduce anticommuting variables on a classical level.
A carefully motivated symmetric variant of the Poisson bracket in ordinary (not Grassmann) phase space variables is shown to satisfy identities which are in algebraic correspondence with the anticommutation postulates for quantized Fermion systems. "Symplecticity" in terms of this symmetric Poisson bracket implies generalized Hamilton's equations that can only be of Schroedinger type (e.g., the Dirac equation but not the Klein-Gordon or Maxwell equations). This restriction also excludes the old "four-Fermion" theory of beta decay.
Hamilton's principle of stationary action is formulated in classical mechanics using the Lie algebra of Schouten concomitants of symmetric contravariant tensor fields on the configuration space of the system. Such a formulation is global and coordinate free. It is shown that a directly parallel formulation holds in quantum mechanics so long as all the Poisson brackets involved can be replaced in the quantum version by commutators in a canonical way. An example (where the Hamiltonian possesses a velocity dependent potential) in which this cannot be done is discussed and concluded that in this case the action is stationary only for a subclass of variations, namely those corresponding to Killing vector fields on the configuration manifold.
We propose a new method of quantization of a wide class of dynamical systems that originates directly from the equations of motion. The method is based on the correspondence between the classical and the quantum Poisson brackets, postulated by Dirac. This correspondence applied to open (non-Hamiltonian) systems allows one to point out the way of transition from the quantum description based on the Lindblad equation to the dynamical description of their classical analogs by the equations of motion and vice versa. As the examples of using of the method we describe the procedure of the quantization of three widely considered dynamical systems: (1) the harmonic oscillator with friction, (2) the oscillator with a nonlinear damping that simulates the process of the emergence of the limit cycle, and (3) the system of two periodic rotators with a weak interaction that synchronizes their oscillations. We discuss a possible application of the method for a description of quantum fluctuations in Josephson junctions with a strong damping and for the quantization of open magnetic systems with a dissipation and a pumping.
Elements of the quantization in field theory based on the covariant polymomentum Hamiltonian formalism (the De Donder-Weyl theory), a possibility of which was originally discussed in 1934 by Born and Weyl, are developed. The approach is based on a recently proposed graded Poisson bracket on differential forms in field theory (see e.g. hep-th/9709229). A covariant analogue of the Schrödinger equation for a hypercomplex wave function on the space of field and space-time variables is put forward. It is shown to lead to the De Donder-Weyl Hamilton-Jacobi equations in quasiclassical limit. A possible relation to the functional Schrödinger picture in quantum field theory is outlined.
In order to quantize systems involving second-class constraints, one should use Dirac bracket instead of Poisson bracket. Furthermore, one can specify a star product in which the term linear in [Formula: see text] is proportional to the Dirac bracket. In this way an oscillator system in a deformed fermionic phase space is analyzed and the corresponding energy level and Wigner functions are evaluated according to scheme of deformation quantization. We also study the entanglement entropy induced by the deformation of the fermionic phase space.
We describe an ppp-mechanical (see funct-an/9405002 and quant-ph/9610016) brackets which generate quantum (commutator) and classic (Poisson) brackets in corresponding representations of the Heisenberg group. We \emph{do not} use any kind of semiclassic approximation or limiting procedures for ℏ→0\hbar \to 0ℏ→0. Harmonic oscillator considered within the approach. Keywords: Classic and quantum mechanics, Hamilton and Heisenberg equations, Poisson brackets, commutator, Heisenberg group.