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arXiv:2603.23002 · Physical Review Letters

Quantum correlations and dissipative blockade of polaritons in a tunable fiber cavity

Gian-Marco Schnüriger, Martin Kroner, Emre Togan, Patrick Knüppel, Aymeric Delteil, Stefan Fält, W. Wegscheider, Ataç İmamoğlu

Published Oct 19, 2026• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Cavity exciton--polaritons are quasiparticles that form when quantum well excitons hybridize with a cavity mode. Here, we carry out photon correlation measurements under continuous wave resonant laser excitation to demonstrate quantum correlations between cavity--polaritons. Our experiments reveal an unexpectedly strong dependence of polariton interactions on cavity--exciton detuning. When the polaritons are predominantly exciton-like, we observe a transition from photon antibunching to bunching as the laser is tuned across the polariton resonance, in agreement with a simple Kerr-nonlinearity model. When the lower-branch polariton energy is tuned to induce a two-polariton Feshbach resonance with the biexciton mode, the degree of polariton antibunching becomes independent of the laser detuning: we explain our finding by invoking a dissipative blockade mechanism arising from large biexciton broadening. Our experiments demonstrate that the strong polariton blockade regime would be achieved by reducing the polariton decay rate by a factor of 10.

DOI
10.1103/qhk1-8b27

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We investigate polariton quantum correlations in a coherently driven box cavity in the low driving regime, with a particular focus on accounting for the polarization degree of freedom. The possibility of having different interaction strengths between co- and cross-circularly polarized polaritons as well as a realistic linear-polarization splitting allows one to model the system as two coupled nonlinear resonators with both self- and cross-Kerr-like nonlinearities, thus making our results potentially relevant for other experimental platforms. Within an effective wave-function approach, we obtain analytical expressions for the steady-state polarization-resolved polariton populations and second-order correlation functions, which agree very well with our numerical results obtained from a Lindblad master equation. Notably, we highlight that depending on the excitation polarization (circular or linear), both the unconventional (interference-mediated) and conventional (mediated by nonlinearities) antibunchings can be investigated in a single cavity. Moreover, using our results, we argue that recent experiments on confined fiber-cavity polaritons are likely to have probed a regime where the dominant interaction is between cross-polarized polaritons, which is characteristic of the polariton Feshbach resonance. We furthermore investigate the regime close to resonance using a two-channel model and we show that systems with large biexciton binding energies, such as atomically thin semiconductors, are promising platforms for realizing strong polariton antibunching.
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Understanding how strong correlations and dissipation combine to shape collective quantum excitations is a central challenge in many-body physics. We investigate the effect of dissipative light-matter coupling on strongly interacting exciton-polaritons in the presence of a biexciton resonance, which gives rise to polaron-polariton quasiparticles. We show that the interplay between many-body correlations and non-Hermitian coupling generates anomalous dispersion relations and exceptional points in the polaron-polariton spectrum. The location and coexistence of exceptional points are controlled by the dissipative coupling and the relative decay rates of the excitonic and photonic constituents, allowing them to emerge across different polaron-polariton branches. These results identify dissipative polaron-polaritons as a versatile platform for exploring non-Hermitian many-body physics with tunable light-matter quasiparticles.
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