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arXiv:2607.00994

Exceptional points in dissipative coupling polaron-polaritons

A. J. Vega-Carmona, D. A. Mendoza, A. Camacho-Guardian, M. A. Bastarrachea-Magnani

cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.quant-gasquant-phSubmitted Jul 1, 2026• Announced Jul 2, 2026
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Abstract

Understanding how strong correlations and dissipation combine to shape collective quantum excitations is a central challenge in many-body physics. We investigate the effect of dissipative light-matter coupling on strongly interacting exciton-polaritons in the presence of a biexciton resonance, which gives rise to polaron-polariton quasiparticles. We show that the interplay between many-body correlations and non-Hermitian coupling generates anomalous dispersion relations and exceptional points in the polaron-polariton spectrum. The location and coexistence of exceptional points are controlled by the dissipative coupling and the relative decay rates of the excitonic and photonic constituents, allowing them to emerge across different polaron-polariton branches. These results identify dissipative polaron-polaritons as a versatile platform for exploring non-Hermitian many-body physics with tunable light-matter quasiparticles.

Comments
8 pages, 4 figures

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Understanding how strong correlations and dissipation combine to shape collective quantum excitations is a central challenge in many-body physics. We investigate the effect of dissipative light-matter coupling on strongly interacting exciton-polaritons in the presence of a biexciton resonance, which gives rise to polaron-polariton quasiparticles. We show that the interplay between many-body correlations and non-Hermitian coupling generates anomalous dispersion relations and exceptional points in the polaron-polariton spectrum. The location and coexistence of exceptional points are controlled by the dissipative coupling and the relative decay rates of the excitonic and photonic constituents, allowing them to emerge across different polaron-polariton branches. These results identify dissipative polaron-polaritons as a versatile platform for exploring non-Hermitian many-body physics with tunable light-matter quasiparticles.
Dissipative coupling refers to the effect where two systems interact with each other mediated by dissipation channels. Recent advances in controlling light-matter systems have opened new avenues to explore non-Hermitian effects arising from dissipative coupling, such as level attraction and anomalous dispersions. In this work, we perform a parametric study of these effects in a polariton system, i.e., a light-matter superposition, under both dissipative and coherent coupling. We characterize the effects of different sources of non-Hermitian behavior and analytically identify the conditions for the emergence of negative effective mass, exceptional points, and bound states in the continuum as a function of the light-matter detuning, the coherent-to-dissipative coupling ratio, and the relative decay rate of the non-interacting subsystems. We also analyze the classical limit of the polariton system within a non-Hermitian framework, employing coherent states.
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We theoretically investigate the many-body states of exciton polaritons that can be observed by pump-probe spectroscopy in high-Q inorganic microcavities. Here, a weak-probe "spin-down" polariton is introduced into a coherent state of "spin-up" polaritons created by a strong pump. We show that the ↓ impurities become dressed by excitations of the ↑ medium, and that they form new polaronic quasiparticles that feature two-point and three-point many-body quantum correlations that, in the low density regime, arise from coupling to the vacuum biexciton and triexciton states, respectively. In particular, we find that these correlations generate additional branches and avoided crossings in the ↓ optical transmission spectrum that have a characteristic dependence on the ↑-polariton density. Our results thus demonstrate a way to directly observe correlated many-body states in an exciton-polariton system that go beyond classical mean-field theories.
The interplay between measurement and quantum correlations in many-body systems can lead to novel types of collective phenomena which are not accessible in isolated systems. In this work, we merge the Zeno paradigm of quantum measurement theory with the concept of polarons in condensed-matter physics. The resulting quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron is a quasiparticle which emerges for lossy impurities interacting with a quantum-degenerate bath of fermions. For loss rates of the order of the impurity-fermion binding energy, the quasiparticle is short lived. However, we show that in the strongly dissipative regime of large loss rates a long-lived polaron branch reemerges. This quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron originates from the nontrivial interplay between the Fermi surface and the surface of the momentum region forbidden by the quantum-Zeno projection. The situation we consider here is realized naturally for polaritonic impurities in charge-tunable semiconductors and can be also implemented using dressed atomic states in ultracold gases.
The propagation of light in strongly coupled atomic media takes place through the formation of polaritons-hybrid quasiparticles resulting from a superposition of an atomic and a photonic excitation. Here we consider the propagation under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency and show that a novel many-body phenomenon can appear due to strong, dissipative interactions between the polaritons. Upon increasing the photon-pump strength, we find a first-order transition between an opaque phase with strongly broadened polaritons and a transparent phase where a long-lived polariton branch with highly tunable occupation emerges. Across this nonequilibrium phase transition, the transparency window is reconstructed via nonlinear interference effects induced by the dissipative polariton interactions. Our predictions are based on a systematic diagrammatic expansion of the nonequilibrium Dyson equations which can be controlled, even in the nonperturbative regime of large single-atom cooperativities, provided the polariton interactions are sufficiently long-ranged. Such a regime can be reached in photonic crystal waveguides thanks to the tunability of interactions, allowing us to observe the interaction-induced transparency transition even at low polariton densities.
The interplay between measurement and quantum correlations in many-body systems can lead to novel types of collective phenomena which are not accessible in isolated systems.In this work, we merge the Zeno paradigm of quantum measurement theory with the concept of polarons in condensed-matter physics.The resulting quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron is a quasiparticle which emerges for lossy impurities interacting with a quantum-degenerate bath of fermions.For loss rates of the order of the impurity-fermion binding energy, the quasiparticle is short lived.However, we show that in the strongly dissipative regime of large loss rates a long-lived polaron branch reemerges.This quantum-Zeno Fermi polaron originates from the nontrivial interplay between the Fermi surface and the surface of the momentum region forbidden by the quantum-Zeno projection.The situation we consider here is realized naturally for polaritonic impurities in charge-tunable semiconductors and can be also implemented using dressed atomic states in ultracold gases.