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arXiv:2603.21325

Dynamical symmetries of the Calogero-Coulomb model

Tigran Hakobyan

hep-thmath-phnlin.SIquant-phSubmitted Mar 22, 2026• Announced Mar 24, 2026
v1 · Mar 22, 2026v2 · May 28, 2026
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Abstract

We construct the dynamical symmetry of the quantum Calogero model with particle exchange in a confining Coulomb field. This symmetry is governed by the algebra $so(N+1,2)$, deformed by exchange (Dunkl) operators, with its invariant sector generated by the Dunkl angular momentum tensor and the modified Laplace-Runge-Lenz vector. The equidistant analogue of the Hamiltonian, with a linear spectrum, is expressed in terms of the conformal subalgebra $so(1,2)$. In addition, the wave functions of the Calogero-Coulomb Hamiltonian are classified into infinite-dimensional lowest-weight $so(1,2)$ multiplets.

Journal reference
Nucl. Phys. B 1029, 117522 (2026)
DOI
10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2026.117522
Comments
18 pages, no figures

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Abstract The Dunkl Laplacian is used to define the Hamiltonian of a modified quantum harmonic oscillator, associated with any finite reflection group. The potential is a sum of the inverse squares of the linear functions whose zero sets are the mirrors of the group’s reflections. The symmetric group version of this is known as the Calogero-Moser model of N identical particles on a line. This paper focuses on the group of symmetries of the regular icosahedron, associated to the root system of type H3. Special wavefunctions are defined by a generating function arising from the vertices of the icosahedron and have the key property of allowing easy calculation of the effect of the Dunkl Laplacian. The ground state is the product of a Gaussian function with powers of linear functions coming from the root system. Two types of wavefunctions are considered, inhomogeneous polynomials with specified top-degree part, and homogeneous harmonic polynomials. The squared norms for both types are explicitly calculated. Symmetrization is applied to produce the invariant polynomials of both types, as well as their squared norms. The action of the angular momentum square on the harmonic homogeneous polynomials is determined. There is also a sixth-order operator commuting with the Hamiltonian and the group action.
We consider the known effective field theory of the Calogero-Sutherland model in the thermodynamic limit of large number of particles, obtained from the standard procedure in conformal field theory: the Hilbert space is constructed a priori in terms of irreducible representations of the symmetry algebra, and not by diagonalization of the hamiltonian, which is given in terms of fields that carry representations of the W 1 + ∞ algebra (representing the incompressibility of the Fermi sea). Nevertheless, the role of the effective hamiltonian of the theory is to establish a specific dynamics, which deserves further consideration. We show that the time evolution of the (chiral or antichiral) density field is given by the quantum Benjamin-Ono equation, in agreement with previous results obtained from the alternative description of the continuous limit of the model, based on quantum hydrodynamics. In this study, all calculations are performed at the quantum operator level, without making any assumption on the semiclassical limit of the fields and their equations of motion. This result may be considered as a reliable indication of the equivalence between the quantum field theoretic and quantum hydrodynamical formulations of the effective theories of the model. A one-dimensional quantum compressible fluid that includes both chiralities is the physical picture that emerges for the continuous limit of the Calogero-Sutherland model. • The chiral density field of the Calogero-Sutherland EFT satisfies a quantum Benjamin-Ono equation. • Agrees with quantum hydrodynamics results by Abanov and Wiegmann, extending their validity to quantum fields themselves. • Findings could be of interest to the QFT community, with new tools to deal with time non-locality within the realm of CFT. • Equivalence between the EFT and the hydrodynamic formulations of the thermodynamic limit of the Calogero-Sutherland model is supported.
We investigate the ddd-dimensional Dunkl--Klein--Gordon equation for a scalar particle within an algebraic framework. By employing Schrödinger factorization, we construct the generators of the su(1,1)\mathfrak{su}(1,1)su(1,1) algebra and establish the associated symmetry of the radial sector. The corresponding energy spectra are derived from unitary irreducible representations, and the Sturmian radial bases are obtained analytically. We analyze the ddd-dimensional Dunkl--Klein--Gordon oscillator and the bound-state sector of the ddd-dimensional Dunkl--Klein--Gordon equation with a Dunkl--Coulomb-like potential. Furthermore, SU(1,1)\mathrm{SU}(1,1)SU(1,1) coherent states are constructed and their time evolution is analyzed, revealing a characteristic radial oscillation behavior. The results show that the Dunkl deformation modifies the spatial and spectral structure of the system and, in the oscillator sector, introduces explicit parity-dependent energy shifts while preserving the underlying radial algebraic dynamics.
The spectrum and partition function of a model consisting of SU(n) spins positioned at the equilibrium positions of a classical Calogero model and interacting through inverse–square exchange are derived. The energy levels are equidistant and have a high degree of degeneracy, with several SU(n) multiplets belonging to the same energy eigenspace. The partition function takes the form of a q– deformed polynomial. This leads to a description of the system in terms of an effective parafermionic hamiltonian, and to a classification of the states in terms of “modules ” consisting of base–n strings of integers.
INTRODUCTION The Calogero-Sutherland model has recently attracted some attention mainly because, in spite of its simplicity, it yields nontrivial results which contribute to shape our understanding of fractional statistics [1]. Its most remarkable property is that its ground state is given by a Jastrow wave-function which is the one dimensional analogue of the Laughlin wave-function. The excitations are described by quasiparticles which carry a fraction of the quantum numbers of the fundamental particles. The wave functions are simple enough to allow the computation of physical quantities such as the dynamical correlation functions. Recently, it has become clear that the spin version of this model is closely related to the known spin chains such as the XXX chain. The wave functions of the spin models can be obtained as simply as those of the Calogero-Sutherland model by diagonalising simple differential operators known as the Dunkl operators [2]. In these lectures, I restrict to the
A few years ago, Matsuo and Cherednik proved that from some solutions of the Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov (KZ) equations, which first appeared in conformal field theory, one can obtain wave functions for the Calogero integrable system. In the present communication, it is shown that from some solutions of generalised KZ equations, one can construct wave functions, characterized by any given permutational symmetry, for some Calogero-Sutherland-Moser integrable models with exchange terms. Such models include the spin generalizations of the original Calogero and Sutherland ones, as well as that with δ-function interaction.