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arXiv:2603.17071

Scalable quantum resources with short-range interacting spin-$\frac12$ chains

Marcin Płodzień, Jan Chwedeńczuk

quant-phcond-mat.quant-gasSubmitted Mar 17, 2026• Announced Mar 19, 2026• 0 citations• Revised Jul 7, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Mar 17, 2026v2 · Jul 7, 2026
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Abstract

The dynamical generation of quantum resources, such as many-body entanglement, Bell correlations or spin squeezing, can be achieved via one-axis twisting (OAT) dynamics, which require all-to-all couplings. However, current digital and analog quantum simulation platforms natively provide short-range or power-law couplings that decay too quickly for this purpose. We demonstrate that two spin-$\tfrac12$ chain models -- a staggered nearest-neighbor XXX chain and a long-range XXZ chain -- develop an effective OAT nonlinearity when projected onto the symmetric sector. We show that these dynamics generate metrologically useful spin-squeezed states and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger coherences that ensure violation of many-body Bell inequalities. We confirm the accuracy of this mapping by comparing it to the exact dynamics and demonstrate that the generated correlations can be read out using a single probe qubit. The resulting dynamics can be simulated with analog and digital quantum simulators.

Journal reference
Phys. Rev. A 113, 062220 (2026)
Comments
15 pages, 7 figures

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Scalable quantum resources with short-range interacting spin-12\frac1221​ chains
The dynamical generation of quantum resources, such as many-body entanglement, Bell correlations or spin squeezing, can be achieved via one-axis twisting (OAT) dynamics, which require all-to-all couplings. However, current digital and analog quantum simulation platforms natively provide short-range or power-law couplings that decay too quickly for this purpose. We demonstrate that two spin-12\tfrac1221​ chain models -- a staggered nearest-neighbor XXX chain and a long-range XXZ chain -- develop an effective OAT nonlinearity when projected onto the symmetric sector. We show that these dynamics generate metrologically useful spin-squeezed states and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger coherences that ensure violation of many-body Bell inequalities. We confirm the accuracy of this mapping by comparing it to the exact dynamics and demonstrate that the generated correlations can be read out using a single probe qubit. The resulting dynamics can be simulated with analog and digital quantum simulators.
Dynamical generation of strong and scalable quantum resources, like many-body entanglement and Bell correlations, in spin- 1/2 chains is possible with all-to-all interactions, either for constant interaction strength realizing one-axis twisting protocol or for power-law decaying potentials. We show, however, that such quantum resources can also be dynamically generated with a finite range of interactions. We identify a threshold range and indicate a threshold time when scalable quantum correlations appear. Finally, we show that the certification of generated states is accessible in modern quantum simulator platforms. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Long-range spin-spin interactions are known to generate nonequilibrium dynamics that can squeeze the collective spin of a quantum spin ensemble in a scalable manner, leading to states whose metrologically useful entanglement grows with system size. Here, we show theoretically that scalable squeezing can be produced in 2D U(1)-symmetric systems even by short-range interactions, i.e., interactions that at equilibrium do not lead to long-range order at finite temperatures, but rather to an extended Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless critical phase. If the initial state is a coherent spin state in the easy plane of interactions, whose energy corresponds to a thermal state in the critical Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase, the nonequilibrium dynamics exhibits critical slowing down, corresponding to a power-law decay of the collective magnetization in time. This slow decay protects scalable squeezing, whose scaling reveals in turn the decay exponent of the magnetization. Our results open the path to realizing massive entangled states of potential metrological interest in many relevant platforms of quantum simulation and information processing-such as Mott insulators of ultracold atoms, or superconducting circuits-characterized by short-range interactions in planar geometries.
The nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum spin models is a most challenging topic, due to the exponentiality of Hilbert space, and it is central to the understanding of the many-body entangled states that can be generated by state-of-the-art quantum simulators. A particularly important class of evolutions is the one governed by U(1)-symmetric Hamiltonians, initialized in a state that breaks the U(1) symmetry-the paradigmatic example being the evolution of the so-called one-axis-twisting (OAT) model, featuring infinite-range interactions between spins. In this Letter, we show that the dynamics of the OAT model can be closely reproduced by systems with power-law-decaying interactions, thanks to an effective separation between the zero-momentum degrees of freedom, associated with the so-called Anderson tower of states, and reconstructing an OAT model, as well as finite-momentum ones, associated with spin-wave excitations. This mechanism explains quantitatively the recent numerical observation of spin squeezing and Schrödinger cat-state generation in the dynamics of dipolar Hamiltonians, and it paves the way for the extension of this observation to a much larger class of models of immediate relevance for quantum simulations.
We develop a framework and give an example for situations where two distinct Hamiltonians living in the same Hilbert space can be used to simulate the same physics. As an example of an analog simulation, we first discuss how one can simulate an infinite-range-interaction one-axis twisting Hamiltonian using a short-range nearest-neighbor-interaction Heisenberg XXX model with a staggered field. Based on this, we show how one can build an alternative version of a digital quantum simulator. As a by-product, we present a method for creating many-body maximally entangled states using only short-range nearest-neighbor interactions.
The Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is a key resource for quantum information processing and quantum metrology. The atomic GHZ state can be generated by one-axis twisting (OAT) interaction H_{OAT}=χJ_{z}^{2} with χ the interaction strength, but it requires a long evolution time χt=π/2 and is thus seriously influenced by decoherence and losses. Here we propose a three-body collective-spin XYZ model which creates a GHZ-like state in a very short timescale χt∼lnN/N for N particles. We show that this model can be effectively produced by applying Floquet driving to an original OAT Hamiltonian. Compared with the ideal GHZ state, the GHZ-like state generated using our model can maintain similar metrological properties reaching the Heisenberg-limited scaling, and it shows better robustness to decoherence and particle losses. This Letter opens the avenue for generating GHZ-like states with a large particle number, which holds great potential for the study of macroscopic quantum effects and for applications in quantum metrology and quantum information.
We demonstrate that the one-axis twisting (OAT), a versatile method of creating nonclassical states of bosonic qubits, is a powerful source of many-body Bell correlations. We develop a fully analytical and universal treatment of the process, which allows us to identify the critical time at which the Bell correlations emerge and predict the depth of Bell correlations at all subsequent times. Our findings are illustrated with a highly nontrivial example of the OAT dynamics generated using the Bose-Hubbard model.