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arXiv:2602.14146 · Physical Review A

Early-stage memory effect on the dephasing charger-mediated quantum battery

Yu Wang, Jiasen Jin

quant-phSubmitted Feb 15, 2026• Announced Feb 17, 2026• 0 citations
v1 · Feb 15, 2026v2 · Sep 3, 2026
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Abstract

We investigate the performance of the charger-mediated quantum battery modeled by a two-qubit system. One of the qubits acts as the battery and the other acts as the charger which is subjected to a reservoir. We derived the time-local master equation in Lindblad form with a time-dependent dephasing rate. The dephasing rate may be negative in the early-stage of the charging process and thus indicate the presence of the memory effect. We find that such early-stage memory effect could increase the maximal ergotropy of the battery compared with the one under Markovian approximation with the corresponding asymptotic dephase rate. The enhancement of the performance is explained by means of the non-Markovian quantum jumps. Moreover, a discrete time scheme of the measurement-enhanced quantum battery is proposed in a quantum circuit with global and random local operations.

Journal reference
Phys. Rev. A 114, 032407 (2026)
DOI
10.1103/21db-dxvt
Comments
9 pages, 5 figures

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We investigate the performance of the charger-mediated quantum battery modeled by a two-qubit system. One of the qubits acts as the battery and the other acts as the charger which is subjected to a reservoir. We derived the time-local master equation in Lindblad form with a time-dependent dephasing rate. The dephasing rate may be negative in the early-stage of the charging process and thus indicate the presence of the memory effect. We find that such early-stage memory effect could increase the maximal ergotropy of the battery compared with the one under Markovian approximation with the corresponding asymptotic dephase rate. The enhancement of the performance is explained by means of the non-Markovian quantum jumps. Moreover, a discrete time scheme of the measurement-enhanced quantum battery is proposed in a quantum circuit with global and random local operations.
In this Letter, we propose schemes to improve the performance of quantum batteries and provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, quantum source for a quantum battery without an external driving field. We show that the memory effect of the non-Markovian reservoir can play a significant role in improving the performance of quantum batteries, which originates from a backflow on the ergotropy in the non-Markovian regime, while there is no counterpart in Markovian approximation. We find that the peak for the maximum average storing power in the non-Markovian regime can be enhanced by manipulating the coupling strength between the charger and the battery. Finally, we find that the battery can also be charged by non-rotating wave terms without driving fields.
Abstract Quantum batteries (QBs)—small-scale energy storage devices based on quantum systems—offer the potential for enhanced charging performance through quantum effects such as coherence and collectivity. In this work, we study the collective charging of QBs consisting of N qubits, coupled to a driven qubit charger in a star configuration, with controlled pure dephasing acting on the charger. We investigate how an ‘asymptotic freedom’-like behavior—in which all the energy deposited into the battery can be extracted as work, resulting in the ergotropy-to-energy ratio approaching unity—can emerge in the steady state of the battery. We show that the ergotropy-to-energy ratio increases with the number of qubits and approaches unity asymptotically as 1 − O ( 1 / N ) . In the large- N limit, the emergence of approximate ground-state degeneracy of the collective battery system leads to this asymptotic freedom behavior, despite the battery state remaining mixed. We also discuss the scaling behavior of the charging time of the battery with N .
In general, a quantum battery unavoidably interacts with its surroundings. Here, we study memory effects on energy and ergotropy of a quantum battery in the framework of open system dynamics, where the battery and charger are individually allowed to access a bosonic environment. Our investigation shows that the battery can be fully charged and all the energy stored in the battery can be extracted in the presence of non-Markovian dynamics, in addition, its energy can be preserved for long times compared with Markovian dynamics. Our results indicate that memory effects can play a significant role in improving the performance of quantum batteries.
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Abstract The performance of quantum technologies that use entanglement and coherence as a resource is highly limited by the effects of decoherence due to their interaction with some environment. In particular, it is important to take into account situations where such devices unavoidably interact with surrounding. Here, we study memory effects on energy and ergotropy of quantum batteries in the framework of open system dynamics, where the battery and charger are individually allowed to access a bosonic environment. Our investigation shows that the battery can be fully charged as well as its energy can be preserved for long times in non-Markovian dynamics compared with Markovian dynamics. Moreover, the non-Markovianity increase makes it possible to extract the total stored energy as work and the discharge time becomes longer. Our results indicate that memory effects can play a significant role in improving the performance of quantum batteries.
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