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arXiv:2601.18937

Complete transparency with three active-passive-coupled optical resonators

Xiao-Bo Yan, Liu Yang, Bing He

quant-phphysics.opticsSubmitted Jan 26, 2026• Announced Jan 28, 2026• 0 citations• Revised Feb 16, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Jan 26, 2026v2 · Feb 16, 2026v3 · Mar 26, 2026
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Abstract

The phenomena of induced transparency, with the typical examples of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic media and coupled optical resonators, have attracted tremendous interest since their discoveries. Due to the limitations of the involved elements, however, near-100\% transmissions were reported under highly demanding experimental conditions for atomic and other media. Based on a structure of three linearly coupled optical resonators, an active one carrying a possibly arbitrary optical gain and two passive ones simply with dissipation, we demonstrate that a transmitted light field can become completely transparent through the structure, which displays all properties similar to those of EIT. A destructive interference mechanism is discovered to totally eliminate the intracavity field in the resonator directly coupled to the transmitted field of any feasible power, when the coupling strength of two other resonators is tuned to a point inside the designed range. This mechanism works for all possible coupling strengths of the dark resonator with its neighboring resonator and the input field, as well as for any available quality factor from its fabrication. The transparency window size and the output field intensity at the transparency window center can be freely engineered by adjusting two inter-cavity couplings, without modifying the built-in optical gain which can be just slightly stronger than the dissipation of the active resonator.

Comments
13 pages, 6 figures

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The phenomena of induced transparency, with the typical examples of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic media and coupled optical resonators, have attracted tremendous interest since their discoveries. Due to the limitations of the involved elements, however, near-100% transmissions were reported under highly demanding experimental conditions for atomic and other media. Based on a structure of three linearly coupled optical resonators, an active one carrying a possibly arbitrary optical gain and two passive ones simply with dissipation, we demonstrate that a transmitted light field can become completely transparent through the structure, which displays all properties similar to those of EIT. A destructive interference mechanism is discovered to totally eliminate the intracavity field in the resonator directly coupled to the transmitted field of any feasible power, when the coupling strength of two other resonators is tuned to a point inside the designed range. This mechanism works for all possible coupling strengths of the dark resonator with its neighboring resonator and the input field, as well as for any available quality factor from its fabrication. The transparency window size and the output field intensity at the transparency window center can be freely engineered by adjusting two inter-cavity couplings, without modifying the built-in optical gain which can be just slightly stronger than the dissipation of the active resonator.
The coupled resonator-induced transparency (CRIT) phenomenon, which is analogous to electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems, can occur in an original integrated optical resonator system due to the coherent interference of the coupled optical resonators. The system was composed of three ring resonators on silicon, each with the same cavity size, and the optical coupling to the input and output ports was achieved using grating with a power coupling efficiency of 36%. A CRIT resonance whose spectrum shows a narrow transparency peak with a low group velocity was demonstrated. The quality factor of the ring resonator can attain a value up to 6 × 10 4 , and the harmonic wavelength can be controlled by adjusting the temperature. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are reconciled well with each other and also consistent well with the theoretical analysis.
We propose a three-cavity coupled cavity optomechanical (COM) structure with tunable system parameters and theoretically investigate the probe-light transmission rate. Numerical calculation of the system’s spectra demonstrates distinctive compound-induced transparency (CIT) characteristics, including multiple transparency windows and sideband dips, which can be explained by a coupling between optomechanically-induced transparency (OMIT) and electromagnetically-induced transparency. The effects of optical loss (gain) in the cavity, number and topology of active cavity, tunneling ratio, and pump laser power on the CIT spectrum are evaluated and analyzed. Moreover, the optical group delay of CIT is highly controllable and fast–slow light inter-transition can be achieved. The proposed structure makes possible the advantageous tuning freedom and provides a potential platform for controlling light propagation and fast–slow light switching.
Electromagnetically induced transparency has the unique ability to optically control transparency windows with low light in atomic systems. However, its practical applications in quantum physics and information science are limited due to rigid experimental requirements. Here, we demonstrate a new mechanism of optically induced transparency in a micro-cavity by introducing a four-wave mixing gain to nonlinearly couple two separated resonances of the micro-cavity in an ambient environment. A signature Fano-like resonance was observed owing to the nonlinear interference of the two coupled resonances. Moreover, we show that the unidirectional gain of the four-wave mixing can lead to the remarkable effect of non-reciprocal transmission at the transparency windows. Optically induced transparency may offer a unique platform for a compact, integrated solution to all-optical and quantum information.
Quantum coherence effects in atomic media such as electromagnetically-induced transparency and absorption, lasing without inversion, super-radiance and gain-assisted superluminality have become well-known in atomic physics. But these effects are not unique to atoms, nor are they uniquely quantum in nature, but rather are fundamental to systems of coherently coupled oscillators. In this talk I will review a variety of analogous photonic coherence phenomena that can occur in passive and active coupled optical resonators. Specifically, I will examine the evolution of the response that can occur upon the addition of a second resonator, to a single resonator that is side-coupled to a waveguide, as the coupling is increased, and discuss the conditions for slow and fast light propagation, coupled-resonator-induced transparency and absorption, lasing without gain, and gain-assisted superluminal pulse propagation. Finally, I will discuss the application of these systems to laser stabilization and gyroscopy.
Systems of interacting classical harmonic oscillators have received considerable attention in the past years as analog models for describing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and associated phenomena. We review these models and investigate their validity for a variety of physical systems using two and three coupled harmonic oscillators. From the simplest EIT-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration and two coupled single cavity modes we show that each atomic dipole-allowed transition and a single cavity mode can be represented by a damped harmonic oscillator. Thus, we have established a one-to-one correspondence between the classical and quantum dynamical variables. We show the limiting conditions and the equivalent for the EIT dark state in the mechanical system. This correspondence is extended to other systems that present EIT-related phenomena. Examples of such systems are two- and three-level (cavity EIT) atoms interacting with a single mode of an optical cavity and four-level atoms in a inverted-Y and tripod configurations. The established equivalence between the mechanical and the cavity EIT systems has been corroborated by experimental data. The analysis of the probe response of all these systems also brings to light a physical interpretation for the expectation value of the photon annihilation operator $\ensuremath{\langle}a\ensuremath{\rangle}$. We show that it can be directly related to the electric susceptibility of systems, the composition of which includes a driven cavity-field mode.
Electromagnetically induced transparency has the unique ability to optically control transparency windows with low light in atomic systems. However, its practical applications in quantum physics and information science are limited due to rigid experimental requirements. Here we demonstrate a new mechanism of optically induced transparency in a micro-cavity by introducing a four-wave mixing gain to nonlinearly couple two separated resonances of the micro-cavity in an ambient environment. A signature Fano-like resonance was observed owing to the nonlinear interference of the two coupled resonances. Moreover, we show that the unidirectional gain of the four-wave mixing can lead to the remarkable effect of non-reciprocal transmission at the transparency windows. Optically induced transparency may offer a unique platform for a compact, integrated solution to all-optical and quantum information. Scientists have used light to make a micro-cavity transparent to light, which may lead to compact components for all-optical processing. Since its discovery in 1991, the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency in atomic systems has generated much excitement due to its potential for all-optical and quantum information processing. But it is hard to incorporate in chips because it generally uses atoms in the gaseous phase. Now, Wenjie Wan at Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China and co-workers in China and the United States have realized the equivalent effect—optically induced transparency (OIT) —in a micro-cavity by using a nonlinear optical effect known as four-wave mixing. The researchers anticipate that OIT may offer a new avenue for compact all-optical and quantum information processing.