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arXiv:2601.11753

Entanglement Distribution over a Polarization-Stabilized Aerial Fiber

Yicheng Shi, Jing Su, Anouar Rahmouni, Pranish Shrestha, Mheni Merzouki, Gabriel Bello Portmann, Anne Lazenby, Mael Flament, Mehdi Namazi, Abdella Battou, Oliver Slattery, Thomas Gerrits

quant-phSubmitted Jan 16, 2026• Announced Jan 20, 2026• 1 citation
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate the distribution of polarization-entangled photons across a 62-km, partially-aerial fiber. With polarization stabilization applied to the fiber link, we achieve a photon pair rate of approximately 1500 per second and observe a CHSH inequality violation with S=2.34.

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Distributing quantum entanglement over telecommunication fiber is a fundamental task in metropolitan-scale quantum networks, enabling advanced applications such as quantum-secured communication, quantum sensing, and distributed quantum computing. Although polarization entanglement is relatively easy to generate and manipulate, its distribution across deployed fibers is challenging because of the time-varying polarization transformations imposed by the fiber, which must be actively stabilized. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the distribution of polarization-entangled photons over a 62 km, partially aerial fiber between the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland. With polarization stabilization applied to the fiber, we achieved a photon pair rate of approximately 1500s −1 and observed a time-averaged CHSH inequality parameter of S =2.34±0.37. During a continuous 24 h experiment, time-multiplexed polarization compensation sessions only cost 7.2% of the total link operation time, leaving an entanglement distribution uptime of 92.8%. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of distributing polarization-entangled photons over challenging fiber conditions, which is an important step toward the practical deployment of quantum networks.
we experimentally demonstrate the distribution of polarization-entangled photons over a 62-km, partially-aerial fiber between the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Maryland. With active polarization compensation applied to the fiber link, we observed a channel fidelity above 98%. Over the stabilized fiber link, we distributed approximately 1200 pairs of polarization-entangled photons per second over a course of 24 hours, with an average CHSH S-parameter value of 2.39 and a link up-time of 92.8% for entanglement distribution.