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arXiv:2512.15087

Coherent transfer via parametric control of normal-mode splitting in a superconducting multimode resonator

Kai-I Chu, Xiao-Cheng Lu, Hsin Chang, Wei-Cheng Hung, Jing-Yang Chang, Jeng-Chung Chen, Chii-Dong Chen, Yung-Fu Chen

quant-phSubmitted Dec 17, 2025• Announced Dec 18, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

Microwave storage and retrieval are essential capabilities for superconducting quantum circuits. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip multimode resonator in which strong parametric modulation induces a large and tunable normal-mode splitting that enables microwave storage. When the spectral bandwidth of a short microwave pulse covers the two dressed-state absorption peaks, part of the pulse is absorbed and undergoes coherent energy exchange between the modes, producing a clear time-domain beating signal. By switching off the modulation before the beating arrives, we realize on-demand storage and retrieval, demonstrating an alternative approach to microwave photonic quantum memory. This parametric-normal-mode-splitting protocol offers a practical route toward a controllable quantum-memory mechanism in superconducting circuits.

Comments
4 pages, 5 figures

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Microwave storage and retrieval are essential capabilities for superconducting quantum circuits. Here, we demonstrate an on-chip multimode resonator in which strong parametric modulation induces a large and tunable normal-mode splitting that enables microwave storage. When the spectral bandwidth of a short microwave pulse covers the two dressed-state absorption peaks, part of the pulse is absorbed and undergoes coherent energy exchange between the modes, producing a clear time-domain beating signal. By switching off the modulation before the beating arrives, we realize on-demand storage and retrieval, demonstrating an alternative approach to microwave photonic quantum memory. This parametric-normal-mode-splitting protocol offers a practical route toward a controllable quantum-memory mechanism in superconducting circuits.
We realize on-demand storage and retrieval of weak coherent microwave photon pulses at the single-photon level. A superconducting multiresonator system which is composed of a set of frequency-tunable coplanar waveguide resonators is implemented as the quantum memory. By dynamically tuning the resonant frequencies of the resonators, we achieve tunable memory bandwidth from 10 to 55 MHz, with well preserved phase coherence. We further demonstrate on-demand storage and retrieval of a time-bin flying qubit. This result opens up a prospect to integrate our chip-based quantum memory with the state-of-the-art superconducting quantum circuit technology for quantum information processing.
We experimentally demonstrate a microwave quantum storage for two spectral modes of microwave radiation in an on-chip system of eight coplanar superconducting resonators. Single-mode storage shows a power efficiency of up to $60\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\mathrm{%}$ at single photon energy and more than $73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\mathrm{%}$ at higher intensity. The noiseless character of the storage is confirmed by coherent-state quantum process tomography. The demonstrated efficiency is an order of magnitude higher than the previously reported data for multimode microwave quantum memory. The proposed on-chip quantum memory architecture can be easily integrated into the state-of-the-art superconducting quantum circuit technology without any coherence compromises. The obtained results are in good agreement with the proposed theory, which pave the way for building a practical multimode microwave memory for superconducting quantum circuits.
Microwave quantum memory represents a critical component for quantum radars and resource-efficient approaches to quantum error correction. Superconducting microwave resonators provide highly efficient storage, long coherence times, on-demand reading, and even memory pulse engineering, but it is still challenging to overcome design and materials induced loss channels for on-chip realization. In this Letter, we present a novel architecture of integrated superconducting quantum memory with a dynamically controlled RF-SQUID coupling element in pulse regime, thus ensuring high efficiency storage and cycling storage time. It demonstrates a memory cycle time of 1.51 μs and 57.5(4)% storage fidelity with preservation of the stored pulse shape during the retrieval at single-photon level excitations. We establish that while the proposed active coupler realization introduces no measurable fidelity degradation, the primary limitation arises from impedance matching and materials imperfections. Still the device was used only for storing finite-duration near-single-photon classical microwave pulses, we assert that it operates as a linear device when the photon population in the common resonator remains low so it should be compatible with quantum state storage. The proposed architecture highlights a disruptive potential for on-chip qubit and memory integration for scalable quantum error correction, while identifying specific avenues for near-unity storage fidelity.
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We investigate theoretically a type of microwave memory that is composed of a single transmon qubit and a coupling resonator. The synergy of the parametric modulation of the qubit resonance frequency and a microwave directly driving the qubit transition can constitute effective three-level $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$-type electromagnetically induced transparency. We demonstrate that the dynamical control of such a parametric modulation allows for the possibility of microwave storage and retrieval using a single qubit. Our results pave the way towards the practical implementation of quantum information in superconducting circuits.