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arXiv:2512.09008

A new way to unify all fermion and boson fields, including gravity

N. S. Mankoč Borštnik

hep-thquant-phSubmitted Dec 9, 2025• Announced Dec 10, 2025• Revised May 2, 2026 (v2)
v1 · Dec 9, 2025v2 · May 2, 2026
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Abstract

The description of the internal spaces of fermion and boson fields with "basis vectors", which are the superposition of odd and even products of the operators $γ^a$, offers in $d=2(2n+1)$-dimensions, such as $d=(13+1)$, a unified picture of all so far observed fermions (quarks, leptons, antiquarks and antileptons that appear in families) and bosons (gravitons, photons, weak bosons, gluons and scalars), under the condition that all fields have non-zero angular momenta only in the $d =(3+1)$, $SO(3,1)$, of ordinary space-time. Bosons, which also carry the spatial index $α$ (which is for tensors and vectors $μ=(0,1,2,3)$ and for scalars $σ\ge 5$) appear in two orthogonal groups. In any $d=2(2n+1)$-dimensional space the number of internal states of fermions in all families and their Hermitian conjugate partners is equal to the number of internal states of boson states. The article presents general properties of massless fermion and boson fields and their mutual interactions in this theory, which determine the Lagrangian density of both fields and their interactions. It particularly illustrates "basis vectors" and their properties in $d=(13+1)$ and $d=(5+1)$. The article presents new results and discusses open problems in this theory.

Comments
41 pages, presenting a new step in the suggested theory of elementary fermion and boson fields

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A bstract We investigate the quantum properties of heavy-fermion pairs, such as tt‾ t\overline{t} tt t t ¯ or τ + τ − , produced in lepton-lepton collisions with polarised beams. Focusing on spin correlations, entanglement, Bell-inequality violation, and quantum-information-theoretic measures such as purity and magic, we analyse how beam polarisation shapes the structure of the spin-density matrix. We derive analytic expressions for a wide range of helicity configurations, including both Standard Model contributions and generic new physics effects parametrised by scalar, vector, and tensor four-fermion operators within an effective field theory framework. We show that beam polarisation unlocks a substantially richer set of spin configurations and significantly enhances sensitivity to non-standard interactions. As a phenomenological application, we study tt‾ t\overline{t} tt t t ¯ production at a future linear collider and demonstrate that quantum observables provide a comprehensive and complementary probe of top-quark interactions and stronger constraints on the scale of new physics.
A basis of products of one-particle vectors (symmetric or antisymmetric for bosons or fermions) is defined, and related to the occupation-number basis in an abstract Fock space, a generalization of the wave-mechanical configuration representation of the space of second quantization. Creation and destruction operators are simply defined in the product-vector basis and shown to have their usual properties in occupation-number representation. Algebraic properties of product vectors are developed and illustrated. The representation of operators in the product-vector basis is described, together with a brief discussion of the effects on these operators of transformations from one set of one-particle vectors to another. A simple treatment of density and reduced density operators for systems of bosons or fermions is given in the product-vector basis. The relationship between degeneracy in the Fock-space spectrum of an additive operator NA1 and degeneracy in the spectrum of one-particle operator A1 is obtained.