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arXiv:2511.22450 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

On the possibility of superradiant neutrino emission by atomic condensates

Massimo Blasone, Loredana Gastaldo, Francesco Romeo

quant-phhep-phnucl-thSubmitted Nov 27, 2025• Announced Nov 28, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

In a recent work [B. J. P. Jones and J. A. Formaggio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 111801 (2025)], the possibility of superradiant neutrino emission from atomic condensates has been theoretically proposed. Subsequent analysis by Y. K. Lu, H. Lin, and W. Ketterle [arXiv:2510.21705] questioned this scenario, emphasizing the limiting role of the fermionic nature of the decayed atoms. In this study, we revisit the problem and discuss under which conditions collective emission phenomena might still emerge in cold-atom systems.

Comments
10 pages, 5 figures

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In a recent work [B. J. P. Jones and J. A. Formaggio, Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 111801 (2025)], the possibility of superradiant neutrino emission from atomic condensates has been theoretically proposed. Subsequent analysis by Y. K. Lu, H. Lin, and W. Ketterle [arXiv:2510.21705] questioned this scenario, emphasizing the limiting role of the fermionic nature of the decayed atoms. In this study, we revisit the problem and discuss under which conditions collective emission phenomena might still emerge in cold-atom systems.
Superradiance emerges from collective spontaneous emission in optically pumped gases, and is characterized by photon emission enhancements of up to 1/4N^{2} in an N atom system. The gain mechanism derives from correlations developed within the decay medium rather than from stimulated emission as in lasing, so an analog of this process should be possible for fermionic final states. We introduce here the concept of superradiant neutrino emission from a radioactive Bose Einstein condensate, which can form the basis for a superradiant neutrino laser. A plausible experimental realization based on a condensate of electron-capture isotope ^{83}Rb could exhibit effective radioactive decay rates accelerated from 86.2 days to minutes in viably sized rubidium condensates of 10^{6} atoms.
The present state of theoretical and experimental research on collective spontaneous emission (superradiance) in a system of radiators (atoms, molecules, or nuclei) is reviewed. The distinction between superradiance and the amplification of spontaneous emission is discussed. There is also a discussion of conditions under which the effect can be observed and of various theoretical methods for describing superradiance: the quantum single-mode and multimode models and the semiclassical approach. Theoretical papers on superradiance in systems with dimensions smaller than the wavelength of the radiation and also in extended systems are reviewed. It is shown that superradiance may occur in weakly amplifying media. A situation in which the superradiance is oscillatory is described. The possible use of superradiance to generate coherent emission in the x-ray and ? ranges is discussed. The superradiance accompanying Raman scattering of light in atomic and molecular media is studied. The theoretical results are compared with experimental observations of superradiance in the optical range. In an appendix, the nature of the phase transition in a system of radiators interacting through an electromagnetic field is discussed.
A comparative analysis is given of spin superradiance and atomic superradiance. Their similarities and distinctions are emphasized. It is shown that, despite a close analogy, these phenomena are fundamentally different. In atomic systems, superradiance is a self-organized process, in which both the initial cause, being spontaneous emission, as well as the collectivizing mechanism of their interactions through the common radiation field, are of the same physical nature. Contrary to this, in actual spin systems with dipole interactions, the latter are the major reason for spin motion. Electromagnetic spin interactions through radiation are negligible and can never produce collective effects. The possibility of realizing superradiance in molecular magnets by coupling them to a resonant circuit is discussed.