Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2511.04927

Universal and Tunable Sudden Freezing of Entanglement Volume

Luchang Niu, Joseph H. Eberly

quant-phSubmitted Nov 7, 2025• Announced Nov 10, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In a system where two identical two-level atoms interact with their common one-mode cavity field, it is shown that entanglement can become abruptly frozen in time, remaining at a constant value for a period of time until it begins to thaw from this value from the entanglement sharing perspective [Ding et al., Phys. Rev. A 103, 032418 (2021)]. We generalize this exotic behavior of entanglement sharing dynamics to more general systems with arbitrary N qubits, instead of restricting to the atom-cavity mode interaction system. We also demonstrate methods to control the entanglement freezing time and freezing value, and we discover a nontrivial dynamics where entanglement is frozen permanently. In addition, we show that this phenomenon is not a coincidence but a universal feature in a variety of systems with a geometric explanation of the mechanisms.

Related papers

Sudden Freezing and Sudden Thawing of Entanglement in Multi-Party Jaynes-Cummings Dynamics

Yi Ding, Songbo Xie, Joseph H. Eberly

The dynamical responses of two qubits jointly interacting with the same cavity mode are studied. New dynamical quantum phenomena labeled Entanglement Sudden Freezing and Entanglement Sudden Thawing are discovered by analyzing the normalized Schmidt weights.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations

Entanglement freezing and thawing in one-dimensional optical lattice systems

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Chunlei Qu, Joseph H. Eberly

We investigate the dynamics of different configurations of entanglement in a one-dimensional N -site optical lattice chain. Entanglement freezing has so far been primarily associated with noisy or decoherence-induced processes. Remarkably, we show that this phenomenon also occurs in a fully coherent and lossless many-body system. By deriving exact analytical results, we demonstrate the emergence of permanent entanglement freezing in the thermodynamic limit ( N → ∞). Even more surprisingly, for finite N , where purely unitary dynamics would normally be expected to destroy such stationary behavior, the system still exhibits robust entanglement freezing over a finite time interval. This frozen behavior is subsequently followed by a phenomenon of entanglement “thawing," manifested as revivals of quantum correlations. Furthermore, alternating regimes of entanglement freezing and thawing appear during the time evolution. Our results reveal that entanglement freezing can arise intrinsically from coherent many-body dynamics, even in finite lossless systems, and provide analytical guidance for entanglement control in optical-lattice-based quantum information processing and photonic quantum technologies.

Optics Express•Jul 3, 2026•0 citations

Freezing and Thawing of Entanglement in Lossless Multiparty Systems

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Cheng-Li Qu, Joseph H. Eberly

Entanglement freezing has been demonstrated existing in various noisy decoherence mechanisms. Here we explore its universality by investigating freezing behavior in a lossless multiparty system, i.e., an $N$-site optical lattice (or equivalently spin-chain) system. Interesting phenomenon of permanent entanglement freezing is found for the infinite-size case ($N\rightarrow\infty$). As the multiparty system size reduces to finite $N$, the interesting behavior of dynamical entanglement "thawing" start to emerge. Especifically, alternative appearances of "freezing" and "thawing" can be identified as time evolves. Our results may provide useful guidance to entanglement control in quantum tasks.

arXiv:2111.09752•Nov 18, 2021•0 citations

Sudden change of genuine multipartite entanglement in non-Markovian dynamics

Mazhar Ali

We investigate entanglement dynamics of bipartite as well multipartite systems beyond Markov approximation. We study two pairs of cavity–reservoir systems, modeled as four qubits and track the change of entanglement among cavity–cavity qubits, reservoir–reservoir qubits, and also for genuine entanglement of all four qubits. For cavity–cavity qubits, we find that non-Markovianity prolongs the life of entanglement besides collapse/revival phenomenon. For reservoir–reservoir qubits, entanglement sudden birth is delayed accordingly along with oscillations. For all four qubits, with a specific initial state, we find that genuine entanglement develops gradually, reaches to a maximum constant value and then freezes at this value for some time before decaying. This sudden change in dynamics of genuine entanglement occurs for a time window where neither cavities nor reservoirs are entangled. In contrast to Markov process, sudden change phenomenon may be recurrent in non-Markovian regime.

arXiv:2405.13412•Canadian Journal of Physics•Jun 4, 2024•0 citations

Control of two-atom entanglement with two thermal fields in coupled cavities

Li-Tuo Shen, Zhen‐Biao Yang, Huai‐Zhi Wu +2 more

The dynamical evolution of a quantum system composed of two coupled cavities, each containing a two-level atom and a single-mode thermal field, is investigated under different conditions. The entanglement between the two atoms is controlled by the hopping strength and the detuning between the atomic transition and the cavities. We find that when the atomic transition is far off-resonant with both the eigenmodes of the coupled-cavity system, the maximally entangled state for the two atoms can be generated with the initial state in which one atom is in the ground state and the other is in the excited state. When both the two atoms are initially in the excited state, the entanglement exhibits periodical sudden birth and death. By choosing appropriate parameter values, the initial maximal entanglement of the two atoms can be frozen. The relation between the concurrence and the cooperative parameter is calculated.

arXiv:1207.3125•Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Aug 9, 2012•17 citations

Adiabatic entanglement in two-atom cavity QED

Constantinos Lazarou, B. M. Garraway

We analyze the problem of a single mode field interacting with a pair of two level atoms. The atoms enter and exit the cavity at different times. Instead of using constant coupling, we use time-dependent couplings which represent the spatial dependence of the mode. Although the system evolution is adiabatic for most of the time, a previously unstudied energy crossing plays a key role in the system dynamics when the atoms have a time delay. We show that conditional atom-cavity entanglement can be generated, while for large photon numbers the entangled system has a behavior which can be mapped onto the single atom Jaynes-Cummings model. Exploring the main features of this system we propose simple and fairly robust methods for entangling atoms independently of the cavity, for quantum state mapping, and for implementing SWAP and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates with atomic qubits.

arXiv:0810.0640•Physical Review A•Feb 19, 2008•19 citations
In a system where two identical two-level atoms interact with their common one-mode cavity field, it is shown that entanglement can become abruptly frozen in time, remaining at a constant value for a period of time until it begins to thaw from this value from the entanglement sharing perspective [Ding et al., Phys. Rev. A 103, 032418 (2021)]. We generalize this exotic behavior of entanglement sharing dynamics to more general systems with arbitrary N qubits, instead of restricting to the atom-cavity mode interaction system. We also demonstrate methods to control the entanglement freezing time and freezing value, and we discover a nontrivial dynamics where entanglement is frozen permanently. In addition, we show that this phenomenon is not a coincidence but a universal feature in a variety of systems with a geometric explanation of the mechanisms.
We investigate the dynamics of different configurations of entanglement in a one-dimensional N -site optical lattice chain. Entanglement freezing has so far been primarily associated with noisy or decoherence-induced processes. Remarkably, we show that this phenomenon also occurs in a fully coherent and lossless many-body system. By deriving exact analytical results, we demonstrate the emergence of permanent entanglement freezing in the thermodynamic limit ( N → ∞). Even more surprisingly, for finite N , where purely unitary dynamics would normally be expected to destroy such stationary behavior, the system still exhibits robust entanglement freezing over a finite time interval. This frozen behavior is subsequently followed by a phenomenon of entanglement “thawing," manifested as revivals of quantum correlations. Furthermore, alternating regimes of entanglement freezing and thawing appear during the time evolution. Our results reveal that entanglement freezing can arise intrinsically from coherent many-body dynamics, even in finite lossless systems, and provide analytical guidance for entanglement control in optical-lattice-based quantum information processing and photonic quantum technologies.
Entanglement freezing has been demonstrated existing in various noisy decoherence mechanisms. Here we explore its universality by investigating freezing behavior in a lossless multiparty system, i.e., an NNN-site optical lattice (or equivalently spin-chain) system. Interesting phenomenon of permanent entanglement freezing is found for the infinite-size case (N→∞N\rightarrow\inftyN→∞). As the multiparty system size reduces to finite NNN, the interesting behavior of dynamical entanglement "thawing" start to emerge. Especifically, alternative appearances of "freezing" and "thawing" can be identified as time evolves. Our results may provide useful guidance to entanglement control in quantum tasks.
We investigate entanglement dynamics of bipartite as well multipartite systems beyond Markov approximation. We study two pairs of cavity–reservoir systems, modeled as four qubits and track the change of entanglement among cavity–cavity qubits, reservoir–reservoir qubits, and also for genuine entanglement of all four qubits. For cavity–cavity qubits, we find that non-Markovianity prolongs the life of entanglement besides collapse/revival phenomenon. For reservoir–reservoir qubits, entanglement sudden birth is delayed accordingly along with oscillations. For all four qubits, with a specific initial state, we find that genuine entanglement develops gradually, reaches to a maximum constant value and then freezes at this value for some time before decaying. This sudden change in dynamics of genuine entanglement occurs for a time window where neither cavities nor reservoirs are entangled. In contrast to Markov process, sudden change phenomenon may be recurrent in non-Markovian regime.
The dynamical evolution of a quantum system composed of two coupled cavities, each containing a two-level atom and a single-mode thermal field, is investigated under different conditions. The entanglement between the two atoms is controlled by the hopping strength and the detuning between the atomic transition and the cavities. We find that when the atomic transition is far off-resonant with both the eigenmodes of the coupled-cavity system, the maximally entangled state for the two atoms can be generated with the initial state in which one atom is in the ground state and the other is in the excited state. When both the two atoms are initially in the excited state, the entanglement exhibits periodical sudden birth and death. By choosing appropriate parameter values, the initial maximal entanglement of the two atoms can be frozen. The relation between the concurrence and the cooperative parameter is calculated.
We analyze the problem of a single mode field interacting with a pair of two level atoms. The atoms enter and exit the cavity at different times. Instead of using constant coupling, we use time-dependent couplings which represent the spatial dependence of the mode. Although the system evolution is adiabatic for most of the time, a previously unstudied energy crossing plays a key role in the system dynamics when the atoms have a time delay. We show that conditional atom-cavity entanglement can be generated, while for large photon numbers the entangled system has a behavior which can be mapped onto the single atom Jaynes-Cummings model. Exploring the main features of this system we propose simple and fairly robust methods for entangling atoms independently of the cavity, for quantum state mapping, and for implementing SWAP and controlled-NOT (CNOT) gates with atomic qubits.