Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2111.09752

Freezing and Thawing of Entanglement in Lossless Multiparty Systems

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Cheng-Li Qu, Joseph H. Eberly

Published Nov 18, 2021• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Entanglement freezing has been demonstrated existing in various noisy decoherence mechanisms. Here we explore its universality by investigating freezing behavior in a lossless multiparty system, i.e., an $N$-site optical lattice (or equivalently spin-chain) system. Interesting phenomenon of permanent entanglement freezing is found for the infinite-size case ($N\rightarrow\infty$). As the multiparty system size reduces to finite $N$, the interesting behavior of dynamical entanglement "thawing" start to emerge. Especifically, alternative appearances of "freezing" and "thawing" can be identified as time evolves. Our results may provide useful guidance to entanglement control in quantum tasks.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2111.09752

Related papers

Entanglement freezing and thawing in one-dimensional optical lattice systems

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Chunlei Qu, Joseph H. Eberly

We investigate the dynamics of different configurations of entanglement in a one-dimensional N -site optical lattice chain. Entanglement freezing has so far been primarily associated with noisy or decoherence-induced processes. Remarkably, we show that this phenomenon also occurs in a fully coherent and lossless many-body system. By deriving exact analytical results, we demonstrate the emergence of permanent entanglement freezing in the thermodynamic limit ( N → ∞). Even more surprisingly, for finite N , where purely unitary dynamics would normally be expected to destroy such stationary behavior, the system still exhibits robust entanglement freezing over a finite time interval. This frozen behavior is subsequently followed by a phenomenon of entanglement “thawing," manifested as revivals of quantum correlations. Furthermore, alternating regimes of entanglement freezing and thawing appear during the time evolution. Our results reveal that entanglement freezing can arise intrinsically from coherent many-body dynamics, even in finite lossless systems, and provide analytical guidance for entanglement control in optical-lattice-based quantum information processing and photonic quantum technologies.

Optics Express•Jul 3, 2026•0 citations

Universal and Tunable Sudden Freezing of Entanglement Volume

Luchang Niu, Joseph H. Eberly

In a system where two identical two-level atoms interact with their common one-mode cavity field, it is shown that entanglement can become abruptly frozen in time, remaining at a constant value for a period of time until it begins to thaw from this value from the entanglement sharing perspective [Ding et al., Phys. Rev. A 103, 032418 (2021)]. We generalize this exotic behavior of entanglement sharing dynamics to more general systems with arbitrary N qubits, instead of restricting to the atom-cavity mode interaction system. We also demonstrate methods to control the entanglement freezing time and freezing value, and we discover a nontrivial dynamics where entanglement is frozen permanently. In addition, we show that this phenomenon is not a coincidence but a universal feature in a variety of systems with a geometric explanation of the mechanisms.

quant-pharXiv:2511.04927•Nov 10, 2025•0 citations

Sudden freezing and thawing of entanglement sharing in a shrunken volume

Yi Ding, Songbo Xie, Joseph H. Eberly

Restriction to the one-excitation context allows two identical two-level atoms and their common one-mode cavity field to exhibit previously unreported features of three-party entanglement during fully coherent evolution. We find entanglement showing dynamical behavior in the form of nonanalytic slope discontinuities in the time record. Specifically, the entanglements of the system can become abruptly frozen in time, remaining at a constant value, and can subsequently suddenly begin thawing from this value. We calculate the onset timing of such sudden freezings and sudden thawings under several different initial conditions. The conditions producing permanent freezing of entanglement are found. We also identify a nontrivial upper limit for the sum of three individual bipartite entanglements, which exposes the concept of entanglement ``volume'' and the volume shrinkage that accompanies the entanglement sharing. Further analysis of these freezing and thawing processes reveals quantitative and qualitative constraints on entanglement sharing of three qubits.

arXiv:2009.12449•Physical Review A•Mar 16, 2021•11 citations

Entanglement Flowing, Freezing, and Thawing in a Two-Reservoir Spin System

Xiao‐Feng Qian, Joseph H. Eberly

We examine entanglement dynamical flow among all participants of a two-reservoir spin system. “Freezing” and “thawing” phenomena are identified. A set of novel entanglement constraint inequalities is discovered with tetrahedron representation.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations

Sudden Freezing and Sudden Thawing of Entanglement in Multi-Party Jaynes-Cummings Dynamics

Yi Ding, Songbo Xie, Joseph H. Eberly

The dynamical responses of two qubits jointly interacting with the same cavity mode are studied. New dynamical quantum phenomena labeled Entanglement Sudden Freezing and Entanglement Sudden Thawing are discovered by analyzing the normalized Schmidt weights.

Frontiers in Optics•Jan 1, 2020•0 citations

Freezing dynamics of entanglement and nonlocality for qutrit-qutrit (3 ⊗ 3) quantum systems

Mazhar Ali

We examine the possibilities of nontrivial phenomena of time-invariant entanglement and freezing dynamics of entanglement for qutrit-qutrit quantum systems. We find no evidence for time-invariant entanglement, however, we do observe that certain quantum states freeze their entanglement after decaying for some time. It is interesting that quantum states are changing whereas their entanglement remains constant. We find that the combined action of decoherence free subspaces and subspaces where quantum states decay, facilitate this phenomenon. This study is an extension of similar phenomena observed for qubit-qubit systems, qubit-qutrit, and multipartite quantum systems. We examine nonlocality of a specific family of states and find the certain instances where the states still remain entangled, however, they can either loose their nonlocality at a finite time or remain nonlocal for all times.

arXiv:1810.01123•Modern Physics Letters A•Mar 27, 2019•1 citation
Entanglement freezing has been demonstrated existing in various noisy decoherence mechanisms. Here we explore its universality by investigating freezing behavior in a lossless multiparty system, i.e., an NNN-site optical lattice (or equivalently spin-chain) system. Interesting phenomenon of permanent entanglement freezing is found for the infinite-size case (N→∞N\rightarrow\inftyN→∞). As the multiparty system size reduces to finite NNN, the interesting behavior of dynamical entanglement "thawing" start to emerge. Especifically, alternative appearances of "freezing" and "thawing" can be identified as time evolves. Our results may provide useful guidance to entanglement control in quantum tasks.
We investigate the dynamics of different configurations of entanglement in a one-dimensional N -site optical lattice chain. Entanglement freezing has so far been primarily associated with noisy or decoherence-induced processes. Remarkably, we show that this phenomenon also occurs in a fully coherent and lossless many-body system. By deriving exact analytical results, we demonstrate the emergence of permanent entanglement freezing in the thermodynamic limit ( N → ∞). Even more surprisingly, for finite N , where purely unitary dynamics would normally be expected to destroy such stationary behavior, the system still exhibits robust entanglement freezing over a finite time interval. This frozen behavior is subsequently followed by a phenomenon of entanglement “thawing," manifested as revivals of quantum correlations. Furthermore, alternating regimes of entanglement freezing and thawing appear during the time evolution. Our results reveal that entanglement freezing can arise intrinsically from coherent many-body dynamics, even in finite lossless systems, and provide analytical guidance for entanglement control in optical-lattice-based quantum information processing and photonic quantum technologies.
In a system where two identical two-level atoms interact with their common one-mode cavity field, it is shown that entanglement can become abruptly frozen in time, remaining at a constant value for a period of time until it begins to thaw from this value from the entanglement sharing perspective [Ding et al., Phys. Rev. A 103, 032418 (2021)]. We generalize this exotic behavior of entanglement sharing dynamics to more general systems with arbitrary N qubits, instead of restricting to the atom-cavity mode interaction system. We also demonstrate methods to control the entanglement freezing time and freezing value, and we discover a nontrivial dynamics where entanglement is frozen permanently. In addition, we show that this phenomenon is not a coincidence but a universal feature in a variety of systems with a geometric explanation of the mechanisms.
Restriction to the one-excitation context allows two identical two-level atoms and their common one-mode cavity field to exhibit previously unreported features of three-party entanglement during fully coherent evolution. We find entanglement showing dynamical behavior in the form of nonanalytic slope discontinuities in the time record. Specifically, the entanglements of the system can become abruptly frozen in time, remaining at a constant value, and can subsequently suddenly begin thawing from this value. We calculate the onset timing of such sudden freezings and sudden thawings under several different initial conditions. The conditions producing permanent freezing of entanglement are found. We also identify a nontrivial upper limit for the sum of three individual bipartite entanglements, which exposes the concept of entanglement ``volume'' and the volume shrinkage that accompanies the entanglement sharing. Further analysis of these freezing and thawing processes reveals quantitative and qualitative constraints on entanglement sharing of three qubits.
We examine the possibilities of nontrivial phenomena of time-invariant entanglement and freezing dynamics of entanglement for qutrit-qutrit quantum systems. We find no evidence for time-invariant entanglement, however, we do observe that certain quantum states freeze their entanglement after decaying for some time. It is interesting that quantum states are changing whereas their entanglement remains constant. We find that the combined action of decoherence free subspaces and subspaces where quantum states decay, facilitate this phenomenon. This study is an extension of similar phenomena observed for qubit-qubit systems, qubit-qutrit, and multipartite quantum systems. We examine nonlocality of a specific family of states and find the certain instances where the states still remain entangled, however, they can either loose their nonlocality at a finite time or remain nonlocal for all times.