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arXiv:2509.14990 · Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

Quantum steering and discord in hyperon-antihyperon system in electron-positron annihilation

Sihao Wu, Chen Qian, Qun Wang, Yang-Guang Yang

Published Mar 5, 2026• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Hyperon-antihyperon pairs produced from electron-positron annihilations provide a promising platform for exploring quantum-information properties in particle physics. In this work, we analyze quantum steering and quantum discord in hyperon-antihyperon systems produced from e + e − annihilations, based on the X -shaped spin density matrix reconstructed via quantum state tomography. We show that the behaviors of these correlations differ from those observed in elementary particle-antiparticle systems such as top quarks and τ leptons, owing to the polarization effects specific to hyperon decays. From the results, we examine the hierarchy of quantum correlations in hyperon-antihyperon systems, Bell nonlocality ⊂ steering ⊂ entanglement ⊂ discord . We also discuss the role of experimental loopholes and the impact of quantum decoherence in collider-based studies of quantum correlations.

DOI
10.1103/x43x-3wgy

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Hyperon-antihyperon pairs produced from electron-positron annihilations provide a promising platform for exploring quantum-information properties in particle physics. In this work, we analyze quantum steering and quantum discord in hyperon-antihyperon systems produced from e + e − annihilations, based on the X -shaped spin density matrix reconstructed via quantum state tomography. We show that the behaviors of these correlations differ from those observed in elementary particle-antiparticle systems such as top quarks and τ leptons, owing to the polarization effects specific to hyperon decays. From the results, we examine the hierarchy of quantum correlations in hyperon-antihyperon systems, Bell nonlocality ⊂ steering ⊂ entanglement ⊂ discord . We also discuss the role of experimental loopholes and the impact of quantum decoherence in collider-based studies of quantum correlations.
Quantum discord and steering offer crucial insights into the non-classical nature of hyperon-antihyperon pairs, a massive two-qubit system produced in high energy electron-positron annihilation. This work theoretically investigates the generation and control of these quantum correlations by leveraging longitudinal and transverse polarization of lepton beams. By exploiting the joint spin density matrix of hyperon pairs, the sensitivity of quantum discord and steering to the beam polarization degree are numerically quantified. Our analysis reveals distinct angular regimes where beam polarization can enhance steering and discord. Hierarchy of different quantum correlations are examined under the case of polarized lepton beams by constructing a measure in the spirit of entanglement of formation. It is confirmed that quantum discord remain non-zero even in regions with vanishing entanglement corresponding to separable states, controlled via transversely polarized beams. As an experimentally tunable parameter, beam polarization offers an effective means to manipulate the quantum correlation of hyperon-antihyperon systems, thereby providing a practical route for preparing and probing quantum states in high-energy particle physics.
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Abstract Hyperon-antihyperon pairs produced in high-energy electron-positron annihilation constitute a naturally spin-entangled system in the high-energy regime. Recently, a probabilistic amplification of entanglement, termed autodistillation, has been found in the daughter baryon-antibaryon pairs from hyperon decay and is constrained by an upper boundary. This work demonstrates that the quantum entanglement in this process may be accompanied by a decrease, constrained by a lower boundary, but it will not be completely lost. Thus, the entanglement of these systems undergoes redistribution within the phase space during the sequential decays of hyperons, highlighting the important role of hyperon polarization. By using the explicit spin density matrix of baryon pairs, it is also found that the quantumness of the system, characterized by quantum discord, always has the possibility to increase during decay processes, even when entanglement evaluated by concurrence and negativity does not increase.
The Bell nonlocality and entanglement are two kinds of quantum correlations in quantum systems. Due to the recent upgrade in the Beijing Spectrometer III (BESIII) experiment, it is possible to explore the nonlocality and entanglement in hyperon-antihyperon systems produced in electron-positron annihilation with high precision data. We provide a systematic method for studying quantum correlations in spin- 1 / 2 hyperon-antihyperon systems through the measures for the nonlocality and entanglement. We find that with nonvanishing polarizations of the hyperon and its antihyperon, the kinematic region of nonlocality in the hyperon-antihyperon system is more restricted than the τ + τ − system in which polarizations of τ leptons are vanishing. We also present an experimental proposal to probe the nonlocality and entanglement in hyperon-antihyperon systems at BSEIII. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Recent results from the Large Hadron Collider have demonstrated quantum entanglement of top quark-antiquark pairs using the spin degrees of freedom. Based on the doubly differential measurement of the spin density matrix of the top quark and antiquark performed by the CMS collaboration in the helicity and beam bases, we evaluate a set of quantum observables, including discord, steerability, Bell correlation, and magic. These observables allow for a quantitative characterization of the quantum correlations present in a top quark-antiquark system, thus enabling an interpretation of collider data in terms of quantum states and their properties. Discord is observed to be greater than zero with a significance of more than 5 standard deviations (σσσ) in several regions of phase space, some of which correspond to separable quantum states. Evidence for steerability is established for the first time in a high-energy system, with a significance of more than 3σσσ. No Bell correlation is observed within the currently probed phase space, in agreement with the theoretical prediction. These results experimentally corroborate the hierarchy of quantum correlations in top quarks with discord being the most basic form of quantum correlation, followed by entanglement, steerability, and Bell correlation. The significance of nonzero magic, which is a complementary observable to the quantum correlation hierarchy, is found to exceed 5σσσ in several regions of phase space.
Quantum coherence, a cornerstone of quantum mechanics, is of paramount importance for quantum information protocols. However, maintaining coherence in elementary particle systems presents significant challenges. In this work, we investigate quantum coherence and quantum correlations in the e + e − → Λ Λ ¯ processes at BESIII using experimentally feasible parameters, where Λ and Λ ¯ denote the spin- 1 / 2 hyperon and its antihyperon, respectively. We analyze the dependence of quantum coherence and quantum correlations on the scattering angle φ . Notably, these resources reach their maximum at φ = π / 2 . We demonstrate that classical correlations can significantly delay the decay of quantum correlations and coherence. This study underscores the importance of understanding the interplay between classical and quantum correlations in high-energy particle physics, particularly in the context of hyperon-antihyperon interactions explored in the BESIII experiment. Furthermore, we discuss the hierarchy of quantum resources (quantum steering, entanglement of formation, geometric quantum discord, and quantum coherence) in both Markovian and non-Markovian regimes. This result could have potential applications in quantum information processing and high-energy physics.