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arXiv:2508.19135 · Physical Review A

Work extraction from a quantum battery charged through an array of coupled cavities

I. Beder, Dario Ferraro, Paulo Aguiar Brandão

Published Jan 30, 2026• 5 citations
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Abstract

We investigate the problem of work extraction from a cavity-based quantum battery that is remotely charged via a transmission line composed of an array of coupled single-mode cavities. For uniform coupling along the line, we show that the ergotropy of the battery, evaluated at the point of maximum power transfer, decreases with the length of the charging line and vanishes beyond a critical size. By carefully engineering the initial state of the charger, nonzero ergotropy can still be harvested even beyond this critical length. We further examine scenarios in which the charging line is initialized in an entangled state, as well as configurations with nonuniform, parabolically varying coupling strengths. In the latter case, we demonstrate that high ergotropy values can be restored, highlighting the potential of spatially engineered interactions to enhance quantum battery performance.

DOI
10.1103/7c9x-rhld

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We investigate the problem of work extraction from a cavity-based quantum battery that is remotely charged via a transmission line composed of an array of coupled single-mode cavities. For uniform coupling along the line, we show that the ergotropy of the battery, evaluated at the point of maximum power transfer, decreases with the length of the charging line and vanishes beyond a critical size. By carefully engineering the initial state of the charger, nonzero ergotropy can still be harvested even beyond this critical length. We further examine scenarios in which the charging line is initialized in an entangled state, as well as configurations with nonuniform, parabolically varying coupling strengths. In the latter case, we demonstrate that high ergotropy values can be restored, highlighting the potential of spatially engineered interactions to enhance quantum battery performance.
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Going beyond isolated system dynamics, we examine how local and spatially correlated reservoirs influence the work extraction in quantum batteries. By employing a one-dimensional spin-1/2 model coupled to baths via dephasing and amplitude-damping noise, we demonstrate that correlations in reservoirs can significantly enhance battery's performance compared to local noise. In the dephasing scenario, we prove that correlated reservoirs produce a finite amount of extractable work, or ergotropy, during the transient regime when a two-cell battery is initialized in a product state while local noise yields vanishing ergotropy at all times, despite nonvanishing stored energy in both cases. Numerical simulations confirm that this advantage persists across larger system sizes and for both entangled and product initial states. We also find that the dynamics of quantum coherence closely mirror those of ergotropy, highlighting coherence as a key resource underlying the enhanced performance of quantum batteries. Further, we observe that the fraction of stored energy extracted from quantum batteries displays a sharper contrast between the correlated and local reservoirs. Moreover, for dephasing noise, this fraction remains independent of system size, whereas in the amplitude damping case, it exhibits a clear system-size dependence within the transient regime, highlighting distinct operational behaviors under different noise models. In addition, we reveal that when the battery dynamics is governed by an effective Hamiltonian with long-range interactions, it yields higher ergotropy compared to short-range interactions, emphasizing the advantages of reservoir engineering for efficient device design.
Abstract Reservoir engineering has been widely used in various quantum technologies. Based on a cavity-QED (quantum electrodynamics) model, we propose a potentially practical scheme using squeezed-vacuum reservoir engineering to optimize the performance of a quantum battery (QB) located inside a cavity driven by a broadband squeezed laser, which acts as a squeezed-vacuum reservoir. Using the reduced master equation of the QB obtained via the adiabatic elimination method, we focus on the QB’s charging dynamics under tunable squeezed reservoirs governed by parametrically controlled squeezing parameters, which dictate the efficiency of energy transfer and the extractable work (ergotropy) of the QB. We show that increasing the squeezing strength improves the charging rate and enables rapid energy transfer, whereas the steady-state energy of the QB saturates at specific values of the squeezing parameter. Notably, the ergotropy of the QB reaches its maximum at a critical squeezing strength and does not scale monotonically with the squeezing strength. This nonmonotonic behavior underscores the existence of optimal parameter regimes, through which the performance of the QB can be significantly enhanced.
Quantum batteries are quantum systems that potentially serve as fuel for other quantum devices by receiving and supplying energy. In this work, we propose a theoretical scheme to enhance ergotropy and charging power of quantum Battery in the system under consideration through squeezed light. Moreover, The system comprises a coherently driven charger cavity, a strongly dissipative auxiliary cavity acting as a mediator, and an energy--storage battery cavity. Quantum nonreciprocity and directional energy flow are established via destructive quantum interference between the direct coupling path and the loss--engineered indirect path. A degenerate optical parametric amplifier integrated into the charger cavity acts as an active, phase--sensitive energy source that injects two--photon quantum excitations and anomalous correlations. Using a strictly open--quantum--system framework derived directly from the Lindblad master equation, we obtain the full expectation--value dynamics and stationary states. We show that active parametric driving drastically increases the stored energy and peak charging power while maintaining nonreciprocal energy trapping in the battery. We achieve a multi-order-of-magnitude boost in the battery's stored energy, charging power, and ergotropy. We also analyze the effects of pure dephasing on the charging power, ergotropy, and extractable work quality.. Although two--photon pumping introduces photon--number fluctuations that slightly lower the fractional ergotropy ratio WB/EB{\cal W}_{\rm B}/{\cal E}_{\rm B}WB​/EB​, the absolute extractable work remains substantially elevated compared to unassisted configurations.
We explore the wireless charging of a quantum battery (QB) via nnn charging units, whose coupling is mediated by a common bosonic reservoir. We consider the general scenarios in which the charger energy is not maximal and the QB has residual ergotropy initially. It is found that the charging performance improves with the increase of the coupling strength. In the strong coupling regime, the charging time is insensitive to the charger energy, the number of charging units, and the residual ergotropy in the QB, while the ergotropy charged on the QB strongly depends on the charger energy and ergotropy, and the residual ergotropy in the QB does not help to enhance its performance. Moreover, the multiple charging units help to enhance the charging performance in the weak and moderate coupling regimes, while they are less efficient in the strong coupling regime.