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Chinese Physics B

Enhancing the performance of quantum battery by squeezing reservoir engineering

Yue Li, Rong-Fang 蓉芳 Liu 刘, Jia-Bin You, Wan-Li 万里 Yang 杨, Hua 桦 Guan 管

Published Nov 11, 2025• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Reservoir engineering has been widely used in various quantum technologies. Based on a cavity-QED (quantum electrodynamics) model, we propose a potentially practical scheme using squeezed-vacuum reservoir engineering to optimize the performance of a quantum battery (QB) located inside a cavity driven by a broadband squeezed laser, which acts as a squeezed-vacuum reservoir. Using the reduced master equation of the QB obtained via the adiabatic elimination method, we focus on the QB’s charging dynamics under tunable squeezed reservoirs governed by parametrically controlled squeezing parameters, which dictate the efficiency of energy transfer and the extractable work (ergotropy) of the QB. We show that increasing the squeezing strength improves the charging rate and enables rapid energy transfer, whereas the steady-state energy of the QB saturates at specific values of the squeezing parameter. Notably, the ergotropy of the QB reaches its maximum at a critical squeezing strength and does not scale monotonically with the squeezing strength. This nonmonotonic behavior underscores the existence of optimal parameter regimes, through which the performance of the QB can be significantly enhanced.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/ae1df2

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This paper discusses the evolving dynamics of a quantum battery (QB) model consisting of two qubits interacting with a cavity field via multi-photon transitions. Employing the Lindblad master equation to account for dissipative effects, we investigated energy charging, charging power, ergotropy, and energy fluctuations to ascertain optimal conditions for efficient energy storage and extraction. Our results elucidate that lower photon numbers and moderate coherent state result in higher energy peaks and more stable storage. The charging power underscores the significance of maximizing initial energy transfer rates while mitigating rapid power decay. Ergotropy, representing the maximum extractable energy, is highly sensitive to dissipation rates, with elevated photon numbers enhancing charging efficiency but reducing stability. Energy fluctuation reveals that systems with higher photon numbers exhibit greater instability, emphasizing the necessity for controlling dissipation to preserve energy stability.
Abstract Achieving rapid charging in quantum batteries requires the efficient harnessing of quantum resources, which is a task with great challenge experimentally. Here we propose and experimentally realize a quantum battery charging protocol that enables fast injection of substantial energy using a trapped-ion platform governed by the quantum Rabi model (QRM). The core of the protocol lies in the employment of the squeezing effect and the QRM criticality. Reinforcement learning further improves the charging performance by optimizing the preparation of the squeezed and anti-squeezed states and accelerating energy inflow near criticality. Experimental implementation with a single 171Yb+{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}^+171Yb+ ion demonstrates the feasibility of the protocol, where the vibrational mode (i.e., quantized phonons) acts as the quantum battery. We witness that both the maximally extractable work (i.e., ergotropy) and the charging power exhibit criticality-induced enhancement. This work provides a practical pathway toward criticality-enhanced quantum batteries, underscoring the potential of squeezing-mediated amplification and displacement-based energy storage in realistic quantum systems.
Harnessed nonclassical resources to enhance the performance of quantum batteries is an important goal of quantum technology. In this work, we investigate multi-emitter batteries coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide driven by a broadband squeezed-vacuum reservoir, and determine how the waveguide geometry controls the battery performance and and their thermodynamic features. We show that for a single emitter, the squeezed reservoir deposits finite energy while the state remains passive, yielding zero ergotropy. For two emitters, however, phase-sensitive reservoir correlations generate coherence and can drive the steady state into a fully nonpassive regime. For three emitters, collective thermal dynamics already supports finite ergotropy, while squeezing further increases the extractable component of the stored energy. Crucially, because the collective and phase-sensitive couplings depend on the emitter positions, geometry provides direct control over the nonclassical correlations and, consequently, over the nonpassivity of the steady state. The ergotropy can therefore be strongly modulated while the stored energy changes only weakly, and in the two-emitter configuration geometry alone can switch the battery between a passive steady state and one in which all stored energy is unitarily extractable.
Abstract We propose a scheme to achieve a nonreciprocal quantum battery (QB) in the non-Hermitian (NH) system, which can overcome the intrinsic dissipation and reverse flow constraints. The design is based on a charger and a battery, which are coherently coupled and jointly interact with a bad cavity. By introducing the auxiliary bad cavity and exploiting the nonreciprocal condition, this model can harness the environmental dissipation to suppress the reverse energy transfer. Under resonant conditions, we have achieved a four ratio of the battery energy to the charger energy; in contrast, this ratio is significantly reduced under large detuning. Through damping optimization, high efficiency of the short-time charging power is attained. In comparison to the fully nonreciprocal scheme, the QB operating at the exceptional point (EP) exhibits greater resilience to parameter fluctuations. These findings highlight the potential of NH quantum engineering for advancing QB technology, particularly in regimes involving directional energy transfer, controlled dissipation, and entropy management in open quantum systems.
Quantum batteries are quantum systems that potentially serve as fuel for other quantum devices by receiving and supplying energy. In this work, we propose a theoretical scheme to enhance ergotropy and charging power of quantum Battery in the system under consideration through squeezed light. Moreover, The system comprises a coherently driven charger cavity, a strongly dissipative auxiliary cavity acting as a mediator, and an energy--storage battery cavity. Quantum nonreciprocity and directional energy flow are established via destructive quantum interference between the direct coupling path and the loss--engineered indirect path. A degenerate optical parametric amplifier integrated into the charger cavity acts as an active, phase--sensitive energy source that injects two--photon quantum excitations and anomalous correlations. Using a strictly open--quantum--system framework derived directly from the Lindblad master equation, we obtain the full expectation--value dynamics and stationary states. We show that active parametric driving drastically increases the stored energy and peak charging power while maintaining nonreciprocal energy trapping in the battery. We achieve a multi-order-of-magnitude boost in the battery's stored energy, charging power, and ergotropy. We also analyze the effects of pure dephasing on the charging power, ergotropy, and extractable work quality.. Although two--photon pumping introduces photon--number fluctuations that slightly lower the fractional ergotropy ratio WB/EB{\cal W}_{\rm B}/{\cal E}_{\rm B}WB​/EB​, the absolute extractable work remains substantially elevated compared to unassisted configurations.
Abstract A quantum battery (QB) model composed of two atoms is studied, where the charger and battery elements are coupled to a multimode vacuum field that serves as the mediator for energy transfer. Different figures of merit such as ergotropy, charging time, and charging efficiency are analyzed, putting emphasis on the role of various control parameters on the charging performance. It is found that there is a range of angle between the transition dipole moments and interatomic axis in which the QB can be charged, and the optimal performance is achieved when the dipole moments are parallel to the interatomic axis. The charging performance also improves with the decrease of the interatomic distance. Besides, the ergotropy charged on the QB can be enhanced by enhancing the initial charger ergotropy and it is beneficial to charge the QB starting from its ground state.