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arXiv:2505.21415 · Review of Scientific Instruments

Efficient production of sodium Bose–Einstein condensates in a hybrid trap

Y. Geng, Shouvik Mukherjee, S. Banik, Monica Gutierrez Galan, M. Anderson, H. Sosa-Martinez, Stephen Eckel, Ian B. Spielman, Gretchen K. Campbell

Published Sep 1, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

We describe an apparatus that efficiently produces 23Na Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a hybrid trap that combines a quadrupole magnetic field with a far-detuned optical dipole trap. Using a Bayesian optimization framework, we systematically optimize all BEC production parameters in modest-sized batches of highly correlated parameters. Furthermore, we introduce a Lagrange multiplier-based technique to optimize the duration of different evaporation stages constrained to have a fixed total duration; this enables the progressive creation of increasingly rapid experimental sequences that still generate high-quality BECs. Taken together, our techniques constitute a general approach for refining and accelerating sequence-based experimental protocols.

DOI
10.1063/5.0279068

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We report a rapid evaporative cooling method using a hybrid trap which is composed of a quadrupole magnetic trap and a one-beam optical dipole trap. It contains two kinds of evaporative coolings to reach the quantum degeneracy: initial radio-frequency (RF) enforced evaporative cooling in the quadrupole magnetic trap and further runaway evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap. The hybrid trap does not require a very high power laser such as that in the traditional pure optical trap, but still has a deep trap depth and a large trap volume, and has better optical access than the normal magnetic trap like the quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration (QUIC) cloverleaf trap. A high trap frequency can be easily realized in the hybrid trap to enhance the elastic collision rate and shorten the evaporative cooling time. In our experiment, pure Bose—Einstein condensates (BECs) with about 1 × 10 5 atoms can be realized in 6 s evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap.