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Chinese Physics B

Production of87Rb Bose—Einstein condensates in a hybrid trap

Yafan Duan, Bo-Nan Jiang, Jian-Fang Sun, Kangkang Liu, Zhen Ya Xu, Yuzhu Wang

Published May 1, 2013• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a rapid evaporative cooling method using a hybrid trap which is composed of a quadrupole magnetic trap and a one-beam optical dipole trap. It contains two kinds of evaporative coolings to reach the quantum degeneracy: initial radio-frequency (RF) enforced evaporative cooling in the quadrupole magnetic trap and further runaway evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap. The hybrid trap does not require a very high power laser such as that in the traditional pure optical trap, but still has a deep trap depth and a large trap volume, and has better optical access than the normal magnetic trap like the quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration (QUIC) cloverleaf trap. A high trap frequency can be easily realized in the hybrid trap to enhance the elastic collision rate and shorten the evaporative cooling time. In our experiment, pure Bose—Einstein condensates (BECs) with about 1 × 10 5 atoms can be realized in 6 s evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/22/5/056701

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Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2017•4 citations
We report a rapid evaporative cooling method using a hybrid trap which is composed of a quadrupole magnetic trap and a one-beam optical dipole trap. It contains two kinds of evaporative coolings to reach the quantum degeneracy: initial radio-frequency (RF) enforced evaporative cooling in the quadrupole magnetic trap and further runaway evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap. The hybrid trap does not require a very high power laser such as that in the traditional pure optical trap, but still has a deep trap depth and a large trap volume, and has better optical access than the normal magnetic trap like the quadrupole-Ioffe-configuration (QUIC) cloverleaf trap. A high trap frequency can be easily realized in the hybrid trap to enhance the elastic collision rate and shorten the evaporative cooling time. In our experiment, pure Bose—Einstein condensates (BECs) with about 1 × 10 5 atoms can be realized in 6 s evaporative cooling in the optical dipole trap.
We have realized Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of 87Rb in the F = 2, m F = 2 hyperfine substate in a hybrid trap, consisting of a quadrupole magnetic field and a single optical dipole beam. The symmetry axis of the quadrupole magnetic trap coincides with the optical beam axis, which gives stronger axial confinement than previous hybrid traps. After loading 2 × 106 atoms at 14 μK from a quadrupole magnetic trap into the hybrid trap, we perform efficient forced evaporation and reach the onset of BEC at a temperature of 0.5 μK and with 4 × 105 atoms. We also obtain thermal clouds of 1 × 106 atoms below 1 μK in a pure single beam optical dipole trap, by ramping down the magnetic field gradient after evaporative cooling in the hybrid trap.
We demonstrate a simple scheme to reach Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of metastable triplet helium atoms using a single-beam optical dipole trap with moderate power of less than 3 W. Our scheme is based on RF-induced evaporative cooling in a quadrupole magnetic trap and transfer to a single-beam optical dipole trap that is located below the magnetic trap center. We transfer 1×1061\times 10^61×106 atoms into the optical dipole trap, with an initial temperature of $$14\,\upmu\hbox{K}$$ , and observe efficient forced evaporative cooling both in a hybrid trap, in which the quadrupole magnetic trap operates just below the levitation gradient, and in the pure optical dipole trap, reaching the onset of BEC with 2×1052\times 10^52×105 atoms and a pure BEC of 5×1045\times 10^45×104 atoms. Our work shows that a single-beam hybrid trap can be applied for a light atom, for which evaporative cooling in the quadrupole magnetic trap is strongly limited by Majorana spin-flips, and the very small levitation gradient limits the axial confinement in the hybrid trap.
We demonstrate a simple scheme to reach Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of metastable triplet helium atoms using a single-beam optical dipole trap with moderate power of less than 3 W. Our scheme is based on RF-induced evaporative cooling in a quadrupole magnetic trap and transfer to a single-beam optical dipole trap that is located below the magnetic trap center. We transfer 1×1061\times 10^61×106 atoms into the optical dipole trap, with an initial temperature of $$14\,\upmu\hbox{K}$$ , and observe efficient forced evaporative cooling both in a hybrid trap, in which the quadrupole magnetic trap operates just below the levitation gradient, and in the pure optical dipole trap, reaching the onset of BEC with 2×1052\times 10^52×105 atoms and a pure BEC of 5×1045\times 10^45×104 atoms. Our work shows that a single-beam hybrid trap can be applied for a light atom, for which evaporative cooling in the quadrupole magnetic trap is strongly limited by Majorana spin-flips, and the very small levitation gradient limits the axial confinement in the hybrid trap.
We create a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) of 87 Rb atoms by runaway evaporative cooling in an optical trap.Two crossed infrared laser beams with a wavelength of 1064 nm are used to form an optical dipole trap.After precooling the atom samples in a quadrupole-Ioffe configuration (QUIC) trap under 1.5 µK by radio-frequency (RF) evaporative cooling, the samples are transferred into the center of the glass cell, then loaded into the optical dipole trap with 800 ms.The pure condensate with up to 1.5×10 5 atoms is obtained over 1.17 s by lowering the power of the trap beams.
We report on the production of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate in a simplified vacuum apparatus. Magneto-optical traps with large numbers and ultra-high vacuum for moderately long conservative trap lifetimes of 16 seconds are sequentially obtained with light induced rapid atomic vapor pressure modulation. Subsequent evaporative cooling is carried out in two stages in a hybrid magnetic quadrupole plus optical dipole trap. High evaporation efficiencies are observed in both stages and 87^{87}87Rb BECs with more than 105^55 atoms can be reliably produced with total evaporation time of only 9.5 seconds.
A rapid atomic beam of rubidium (87Rb) is produced by two-dimensional magneto-optical trap (2D MOT), and then trapped by three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (3D MOT) with high vacuum for further cooling. After a process of optical molasses cooling, atoms are reloaded into a magnetic trap, where radio frequency (RF) evaporation cooling is implemented. The precooled atoms in the magnetic trap are then transferred into a far detuning optical dipole trap, where Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) appears by further evaporation cooling. The 3D MOT is loaded to its maximum within 25 s and then BEC is prepared in 16 s. Due to the linear intensity of magnetic trap, the frequency can be scanned fast in the RF evaporation cooling process. In our experiment, the frequency scans from 39 MHz to 15 MHz in 6 s and then scans to 2 MHz in 5 s. The number of atoms in 3D MOT is about 11010, and there are 5105 atoms in the BEC after a succession of cooling processes. To optimize the performances of 2D MOT, a special light path is constructed. And prisms with high reflectivity are used to reduce the imbalance between opposite propagating cooling +beams. Furthermore, quarter-wave plates are used to keep the polarization state of the cooling beam when reflected by prisms or mirrors. The atoms are cooled to a temperature about 15 K in the magnetic trap by RF evaporation. In such a low temperature, the loss of magnetic trap (Majorana loss) will prevent the atoms from reaching a high density, and the atoms cannot be cooled further. To reduce the loss rate of the magnetic trap, the far blue detuning light (532 nm, 18 W) is added to plug the zero point of the magnetic trap. In the optically plugged magnetic trap, atoms with high density are cooled down enough, which gives a good start for the loading of optical dipole trap.