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arXiv:2504.17143

Multi-Frequency Coherence Control of Radio-Frequency-Dressed States

Bethany Foxon, Sindhu Jammi, T. Fernholz

Published Apr 23, 2025• 0 citations
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Abstract

We demonstrate engineering of a narrow microwave transition between trappable states in radio-frequency-dressed $^{87}$rubidium, reducing the static field dependence. A single-frequency, off-resonant microwave field allows for the suppression of the differential Zeeman shift arising from the nuclear magnetic moment to at least first order. The field dependence can be suppressed further with additional dressing fields, which we demonstrate experimentally with two microwave frequencies. The engineered transition can thus be used in a range of cold atom schemes that rely on coherent state superpositions.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2504.17143

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We demonstrate engineering of a narrow microwave transition between trappable states in radio-frequency-dressed 87^{87}87rubidium, reducing the static field dependence. A single-frequency, off-resonant microwave field allows for the suppression of the differential Zeeman shift arising from the nuclear magnetic moment to at least first order. The field dependence can be suppressed further with additional dressing fields, which we demonstrate experimentally with two microwave frequencies. The engineered transition can thus be used in a range of cold atom schemes that rely on coherent state superpositions.
We demonstrate control of the differential Zeeman shift between clock states of ultracold rubidium atoms by means of nonresonant microwave dressing. Using the dc field dependence of the microwave detuning, we suppress the first- and second-order differential Zeeman shift in magnetically trapped 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms. By dressing the state pair 5S1/25{S}_{1/2}5S1/2​ F=1F=1F=1, ${m}_{F}=\ensuremath{-}1$ and F=2F=2F=2, mF=1{m}_{F}=1mF​=1, a residual frequency spread of <0.1<0.1<0.1 Hz in a range of 100 mG around a chosen magnetic offset field can be achieved. This is one order of magnitude smaller than the shift of the bare states at the magic field of the Breit-Rabi parabola. We further identify double magic points, around which the clock frequency is insensitive to fluctuations both in the magnetic field and in the dressing Rabi frequency. The technique is compatible with chip-based cold-atom systems and allows the creation of clock and qubit states with reduced sensitivity to magnetic-field noise.
We study the spectral signatures and coherence properties of radio-frequency-dressed hyperfine Zeeman sublevels of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. Experimentally, we engineer combinations of static and RF magnetic fields to modify the response of the atomic spin states to environmental magnetic field noise. We demonstrate analytically and experimentally the existence of ``magic'' dressing conditions where decoherence due to electromagnetic field noise is strongly suppressed. Building on this result, we propose a bichromatic dressing configuration that reduces the global sensitivity of the atomic ground states to low-frequency noise, and enables the simultaneous protection of multiple transitions between the two ground hyperfine manifolds of atomic alkali species. Our methods produce protected transitions between any pair of hyperfine sublevels at arbitrary (low) DC-magnetic fields.
We study the spectral signatures and coherence properties of radio-frequency-dressed hyperfine Zeeman sublevels of Rb87. Experimentally, we engineer combinations of static and RF magnetic fields to modify the response of the atomic spin states to environmental magnetic field noise. We demonstrate analytically and experimentally the existence of "magic"dressing conditions where decoherence due to electromagnetic field noise is strongly suppressed. Building on this result, we propose a bichromatic dressing configuration that reduces the global sensitivity of the atomic ground states to low-frequency noise, and enables the simultaneous protection of multiple transitions between the two ground hyperfine manifolds of atomic alkali species. Our methods produce protected transitions between any pair of hyperfine sublevels at arbitrary (low) DC-magnetic fields.
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A Zeeman-insensitive optical clock atomic transition is engineered when nuclear spins are dressed by a nonresonant radio-frequency field. For fermionic species as (87)Sr, (171)Yb, and (199)Hg, particular ratios between the radio-frequency driving amplitude and frequency lead to "magic" magnetic values where a net cancelation of the Zeeman clock shift and a complete reduction of first-order magnetic variations are produced within a relative uncertainty below the 10(-18) level. An Autler-Townes continued fraction describing a semiclassical radio-frequency dressed spin is numerically computed and compared to an analytical quantum description including higher-order magnetic field corrections to the dressed energies.
We present the first experimental demonstration of a multiple radio-frequency dressed potential for the configurable magnetic confinement of ultracold atoms. We load cold 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb atoms into a double-well potential with an adjustable barrier height, formed by three radio-frequencies applied to atoms in a static quadrupole magnetic field. Our multiple radio-frequency approach gives precise control over the double-well characteristics, including the depth of individual wells and the height of the barrier, and enables reliable transfer of atoms between the available trapping geometries. We characterize the multiple radio-frequency dressed system using radio-frequency spectroscopy, finding good agreement with the eigenvalues numerically calculated using Floquet theory. This method creates trapping potentials that can be reconfigured by changing the amplitudes, polarizations, and frequencies of the applied dressing fields and easily extended with additional dressing frequencies.