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arXiv:2504.05809

Loss-free enhancement of photonic spin Hall shift by electromagnetically induced transparency

Du, Kezhou, Aizaz Khan, Lei Gao, Muzamil Shah, Xinxing Zhou, Dongliang Gao

Published Apr 8, 2025• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), a result of spin-orbit interaction, has attracted significant interest because of its fundamental importance and potential applications. Optical losses are ubiquitous, which inherently suppress the photonic spin Hall shift (PSHS). In this work, we consider an atomic medium that exhibits both absorption and transparency to investigate and mitigate the effects of loss on PSHS. We demonstrate that laser-induced coherence in an atomic medium, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at resonance, counteracts the detrimental effects of losses on the PSHS. Upon EIT in a coherent medium enclosed within dielectric slabs, the reflectivity of the incident polarized state is reduced near Brewster's angle to enhance PSHS. Moreover, the tunable refractive index of the atomic medium enables the manipulation of PSHS without structural modifications with a tiny loss. Our proposed loss-free approach to PSHS may enable advanced optical sensing and other spin-based applications.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2504.05809

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The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE), a result of spin-orbit interaction, has attracted significant interest because of its fundamental importance and potential applications. Optical losses are ubiquitous, which inherently suppress the photonic spin Hall shift (PSHS). In this work, we consider an atomic medium that exhibits both absorption and transparency to investigate and mitigate the effects of loss on PSHS. We demonstrate that laser-induced coherence in an atomic medium, leading to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) at resonance, counteracts the detrimental effects of losses on the PSHS. Upon EIT in a coherent medium enclosed within dielectric slabs, the reflectivity of the incident polarized state is reduced near Brewster's angle to enhance PSHS. Moreover, the tunable refractive index of the atomic medium enables the manipulation of PSHS without structural modifications with a tiny loss. Our proposed loss-free approach to PSHS may enable advanced optical sensing and other spin-based applications.
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We propose a four-level tripod atom-light coupling scheme to manipulate the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) in the reflected probe light. Our study demonstrates that the tripod configuration enables enhanced PSHE near the Brewster angle upon reflection for the probe field, with significantly stronger transverse shifts at resonance compared to off-resonance conditions. The PSHE shift is maximized when all fields are resonant, aligning with the transparency point of the system, and is notably weaker under off-resonant conditions, where gain effects dominate. Additionally, the tripod scheme enables an enhanced transverse shift for the signal field at resonance, resulting in dual-field PSHE enhancement. This combined enhancement of transverse shift for both probe and signal fields underscores the superiority of the tripod configuration in achieving maximized PSHE shifts, surpassing prior schemes and opening new possibilities for advanced applications in spin-photonic devices.
The vertical and horizontal photonic spin Hall shift (PSHS) of left and right-handed polarized beams is controlled and modified using radio-frequency (RF)-driven atomic configuration. The effects of probe/control field detuning, radio-frequency, and decay rate are observed on ratios [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and corresponding PSHS in a RF-driven medium. The manipulation of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] ratios significantly enhanced the PSHS of left- and right-handed polarized beams. The maximum value for reflection ratios and PSHS is reported against incident angle. The ratios [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] have a maximum range of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The highest horizontal PSHS of left and right beams is observed in the range [Formula: see text]. Similarly, the highest vertical PSHS of left and right beams is observed in the range [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] against radio frequency. The obtained results may have significant applications in sensors, plasmonics, and semiconductor technology.
This paper theoretically investigates the coherent manipulation of the photonic spin hall shift in a four-level dielectric medium. The light beam interacts with cavity having four-level dielectric medium under the Doppler broadening effect. The Doppler broadening effect influences the spin hall shift in atomic media, refers to the enhancement of spin-dependent transverse shifts of light due to the thermal motion of atoms, which broadens the atomic resonance response. The photonic spin hall shift is modified to exhibit either positive or negative values, depending on the applied driving fields. The maximum spin hall shift lies in − 20 λ ≤ S p L , R ≤ 20 λ with an angle of incidence ( θ i = 0.6 radian). The minimum spin hall shift lies in the range ± 9.410 λ ≤ S p L , R ≤ ± 9.435 λ versus control field detuning ( δ 1 = 0 Γ and δ 1 = 1 Γ ). The results are especially valuable in fields like sensing technology, quantum computing and optical communication.
In the photonic spin Hall effect (SHE), also known as the transverse shift, incident light photons with opposite spins are spatially separated in the transverse direction due to the spin-orbit interaction of light. Here, we propose a gain-assisted model to control the SHE in the reflected probe light. In this model, a probe light is incident on a cavity containing a three-level dilute gaseous atomic medium, where the interaction between the atom and the control field follows two-photon Raman transitions. We show that the direction of photonic spin accumulations can be switched between positive and negative values across the Brewster angle in both the anomalous and normal dispersion regimes. For the same magnitude of control fields, the peak value of the photonic SHE is higher in the anomalous dispersion region compared to the normal dispersion regime. Additionally, the angular range around the Brewster angle is wider in the normal dispersion regime than in the anomalous dispersion region. Furthermore, the peak value of the photonic SHE and the angular range can be controlled by changing the Rabi frequencies of the control fields and the probe field detuning. The measurement of photonic SHE based on gain assistance may enable spin-related applications such as optical sensing.
Abstract We present a theoretical study demonstrating that the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) can be both actively tuned and greatly amplified by exploiting the nonlocal, nonlinear optical response of a strongly interacting Rydberg gas operating under electromagnetically induced transparency. Rather than relying on fixed phase metasurfaces or conventional Kerr materials, long range interactions between Rydberg atoms create a spatially extended, intensity dependent refractive index profile that enables dynamic spin resolved beam deflection. In a glass–Rydberg–glass trilayer model, we show that the PSHE displacement can be varied smoothly in magnitude and even reversed in sign by adjusting atomic density, probe intensity, laser detunings, and interaction strength. This nonlocal nonlinearity transforms the typically weak PSHE into a macroscopically observable and dynamically controllable effect. Our results establish a versatile platform for reconfigurable spin-dependent photonic control, with potential applications in high-sensitivity optical metrology, spin-based beam steering, and tunable quantum-optical information processing.