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arXiv:2503.15233 · Quantum Science and Technology

Optical nonreciprocity induced by quantum squeezing in temperature sensitive optomechanical systems

Jun‐Cong Zheng, Xiao-Wei Zheng, Xin‐Lei Hei, Yi‐Fan Qiao, Xiao-Yu Yao, Xue‐Feng Pan, Yu‐Meng Ren, Xiao-Wen Huo, Fuli Li

Published Apr 11, 2025• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract We investigate single-photon transmission and the statistical properties of photon correlations in χ ( 2 ) microring optomechanical systems, where optical nonreciprocity is induced by directional quantum squeezing. Due to the presence of thermal phonons in the mechanical resonator, the system is highly sensitive to temperature changes. Our numerical simulations show that as the thermal phonons vary from 0 to 10, the isolation ratio of single-photon transmission decreases from 22.2 dB to 1.1 dB (or from −23 dB to −3.3 dB). Additionally, the statistical properties of photon correlations transition from exhibiting a strong bunching effect to a weak bunching effect. Moreover, the parametric amplification component enhances the device’s temperature response, distinguishing it from other similar nonreciprocal devices. Our protocol suggests a potential application for nonreciprocal setups in precise temperature measurement at ultralow temperatures, thereby enriching quantum networks and quantum information processing.

DOI
10.1088/2058-9565/adcbcf

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Abstract We investigate single-photon transmission and the statistical properties of photon correlations in χ ( 2 ) microring optomechanical systems, where optical nonreciprocity is induced by directional quantum squeezing. Due to the presence of thermal phonons in the mechanical resonator, the system is highly sensitive to temperature changes. Our numerical simulations show that as the thermal phonons vary from 0 to 10, the isolation ratio of single-photon transmission decreases from 22.2 dB to 1.1 dB (or from −23 dB to −3.3 dB). Additionally, the statistical properties of photon correlations transition from exhibiting a strong bunching effect to a weak bunching effect. Moreover, the parametric amplification component enhances the device’s temperature response, distinguishing it from other similar nonreciprocal devices. Our protocol suggests a potential application for nonreciprocal setups in precise temperature measurement at ultralow temperatures, thereby enriching quantum networks and quantum information processing.
We propose a scheme for achieving nonreciprocal phonon blockade in a quadratic optomechanical (QOM) system consisting of two spinning resonators near-field coupled to a nanomechanical oscillator. Due to the Sagnac-Fizeau effect, pump fields propagating in opposite directions experience distinct effective detunings,thereby leading to asymmetric intracavity intensities. Through the optical spring effect, this intensity imbalance gives rise to direction-dependent shifts in the effective mechanical frequency, providing the core mechanism for nonreciprocal phonon blockade. By judiciously setting parameters, single-phonon resonant excitation leads to conventional phonon blockade for one pump direction, whereas two-phonon resonance facilitates phononinduced tunneling (PIT) for the other. The pronounced nonreciprocity is quantified by a contrast ratio in the phonon second-order correlation function exceeding 55 dB. To elucidate the nonreciprocal statistics, the phonon blockade is further analyzed in terms of interference between the coherent component and squeezed fluctuations. Incorporating thermal phonons, we reveal an extended nonreciprocal thermal effect, where increasing thermal noise degrades antibunching toward Poissonian statistics in one direction, yet reverses the statistics from bunching to antibunching in the opposite direction. Our work provides a pathway toward nonreciprocal phonon devices and directional phonon switches, with potential applications in chiral networks and phononic information processing.
We investigate nonreciprocal photon correlations in coupled microring resonators with directional quantum squeezing (quantum parametric amplification). We show that the degeneracy of two whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in a microring resonator are broken by applying parametric amplification to one of the WGMs, which makes tunable chiral photon-qubit coupling and chiral photon hopping between two resonators feasible. Selecting optimal quantum squeezing strength, we predict the appearance of nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade resulting from the interferences among different photon transition-dissipative paths both analytically and numerically. Moreover, flexible conversion between photon bunching and antibunching can be easily realized in a wide range of parameter regimes by modulating the quantum squeezing field. This work provides an alternative way for tunable nonreciprocal photon coherence manipulations in chiral quantum science and technologies.
We propose an all-optical approach to achieve optical nonreciprocity on a chip by quantum squeezing one of two coupled resonator modes. By parametric pumping a χ^{(2)}-nonlinear resonator unidirectionally with a classical coherent field, we squeeze the resonator mode in a selective direction due to the phase-matching condition, and induce a chiral photon interaction between two resonators. Based on this chiral interresonator coupling, we achieve an all-optical diode and a three-port quasicirculator. By applying a second squeezed-vacuum field to the squeezed resonator mode, our nonreciprocal device also works for single-photon pulses. We obtain an isolation ratio of >40 dB for the diode and fidelity of >98% for the quasicirculator, and insertion loss of <1 dB for both. We also show that nonreciprocal transmission of strong light can be switched on and off by a relative weak pump light. This achievement implies a nonreciprocal optical transistor. Our protocol opens up a new route to achieve integrable all-optical nonreciprocal devices permitting chip-compatible optical isolation and nonreciporcal quantum information processing.
We propose a scheme to generate nonreciprocal photon blockade in a stationary whispering gallery microresonator system based on two physical mechanisms. One of the two mechanisms is inspired by recent work [Phys. Rev. Lett.128, 083604 (2022)10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.083604], where the quantum squeezing caused by parametric interaction not only shifts the optical frequency of propagating mode but also enhances its optomechanical coupling, resulting in a nonreciprocal conventional photon blockade phenomenon. On the other hand, we also give another mechanism to generate stronger nonreciprocity of photon correlation according to the destructive quantum interference. Comparing these two strategies, the required nonlinear strength of parametric interaction in the second one is smaller, and the broadband squeezed vacuum field used to eliminate thermalization noise is no longer needed. All analyses and optimal parameter relations are further verified by numerically simulating the quantum master equation. Our proposed scheme opens a new avenue for achieving the nonreciprocal single photon source without stringent requirements, which may have critical applications in quantum communication, quantum information processing, and topological photonics.
Abstract Quantum entanglement between distant massive mechanical oscillators is an important resource in sensitive measurements and quantum information processing. We achieve the nonreciprocal mechanical entanglement in a compound optomechanical device consisting of two mechanical oscillators and a spinning whispering-gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonator. It is found that obvious nonreciprocal mechanical entanglement emerges in this system in the presence of the Sagnac effect which is induced by the rotation of the WGM resonator, and the nonreciprocal region can be controlled by tuning the angular velocity of the rotation. The nonreciprocity originates from the breaking of the time-reversal symmetry of this multimode system due to the presence of the Sagnac effect. The optomechanical coupling and the mechanical interaction provide cooling channels for the first and second mechanical oscillators, respectively. Two mechanical oscillators can be cooled simultaneously. The simultaneous cooling and the mechanical coupling of two mechanical oscillators ensure the generation of mechanical entanglement. Furthermore, an optimal mechanical entanglement can be achieved when the moderate optical frequency detuning and the driving power are chosen. The thermal noise of the mechanical environment has a negative effect on mechanical entanglement. Our scheme provides promising opportunities for research of quantum information processing based on phonons and sensitive measurements.
We study nonreciprocal bipartite and tripartite entanglement in a spinning exciton-optomechanical system (EOMS) with an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). We demonstrate that nonreciprocal entanglement among photons, excitons, and phonons can be achieved under experimentally feasible parameters. We find that the nonreciprocal entanglement induced by Sagnac effects can be regulated through the OPA. Particularly, We show that the OPA significantly enhances photon-exciton entanglement and tripartite entanglement but weakens photon-phonon and exciton-phonon entanglement. Moreover, we find that the photon-exciton nonreciprocal entanglement not only can be generated at room temperature and even higher temperature but also exhibits highly robustness to cavity dissipation. Our works open a way to manipulate the room-temperature nonreciprocal entanglement, which may be useful for developing nonreciprocal quantum technologies.