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arXiv:2501.02462 · Communications Physics

Floquet engineering in hybrid magnetic quantum systems

Feng-Zhou Ji, Si‐Yuan Bai, Wan-Li Yang, Chun-Jie Yang, Jun‐Hong An

Published May 22, 2026• 1 citation
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The advancement of magnonics has facilitated the utilization of hybrid magnetic systems in quantum technologies. A hybrid magnetic lattice formed by an array of superconducting loops and magnetic particles has been devised as a quantum bus to disseminate quantum resources among magnetic quantum entities serving as nodes of a quantum network. However, the lattice also exerts a decoherence effect on the quantum entities, which impairs its practical performance. By studying the non-Markovian dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy centers and magnon modes coupled to two independent hybrid magnetic lattices, we propose a Floquet-engineering scheme via periodic driving on the quantum entities to suppress decoherence. We find that significant steady-state entanglement is preserved when a Floquet bound state exists in the quasienergy spectrum of the system consisting of each driven quantum entity and its lattice. This result enables a precise manipulation of hybrid magnetic systems and benefits their applications in quantum networks. The hybrid magnetic lattice has been proposed as a quantum bus for integrating the quantum network, but the decoherence depletes the quantum resources carried by it. By studying the non-Markovian dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy centers and magnon modes coupled to two independent hybrid magnetic lattices, the authors demonstrate a Floquet-engineering scheme using periodic driving to suppress decoherence.

DOI
10.1038/s42005-026-02695-4

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The advancement of magnonics has facilitated the utilization of hybrid magnetic systems in quantum technologies. A hybrid magnetic lattice formed by an array of superconducting loops and magnetic particles has been devised as a quantum bus to disseminate quantum resources among magnetic quantum entities serving as nodes of a quantum network. However, the lattice also exerts a decoherence effect on the quantum entities, which impairs its practical performance. By studying the non-Markovian dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy centers and magnon modes coupled to two independent hybrid magnetic lattices, we propose a Floquet-engineering scheme via periodic driving on the quantum entities to suppress decoherence. We find that significant steady-state entanglement is preserved when a Floquet bound state exists in the quasienergy spectrum of the system consisting of each driven quantum entity and its lattice. This result enables a precise manipulation of hybrid magnetic systems and benefits their applications in quantum networks. The hybrid magnetic lattice has been proposed as a quantum bus for integrating the quantum network, but the decoherence depletes the quantum resources carried by it. By studying the non-Markovian dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy centers and magnon modes coupled to two independent hybrid magnetic lattices, the authors demonstrate a Floquet-engineering scheme using periodic driving to suppress decoherence.
Quantum technology resorts to efficient utilization of quantum resources to realize technique innovation. The systems are controlled such that their states follow the desired manners to realize different quantum protocols. However, the decoherence caused by the system-environment interactions causes the states deviating from the desired manners. How to protect quantum resources under the coexistence of active control and passive decoherence is of significance. Recent studies have revealed that the decoherence is determined by the feature of the system-environment energy spectrum: Accompanying the formation of bound states in the energy spectrum, the decoherence can be suppressed. It supplies a guideline to control decoherence. Such idea can be generalized to systems under periodic driving. By virtue of manipulating Floquet bound states in the quasienergy spectrum, coherent control via periodic driving dubbed as Floquet engineering has become a versatile tool not only in controlling decoherence, but also in artificially synthesizing exotic topological phases. We will review the progress on quantum control in open and periodically driven systems. Special attention will be paid to the distinguished role played by the bound states and their controllability via periodic driving in suppressing decoherence and generating novel topological phases.
The interplay between topology and quantum entanglement holds profound implications for fundamental physics and the advancement of quantum technologies. Topological phases of matter are characterized by robust properties impervious to local perturbations, while entanglement serves as a critical resource for quantum information processing. Floquet engineering, the manipulation of quantum systems through periodic driving, offers a powerful non-equilibrium pathway to realize novel topological states that may not exist in static systems. This paper explores the theoretical and experimental avenues for realizing topological quantum entanglement within Floquet-engineered lattices. We review the foundational concepts of Floquet topological phases and various measures of entanglement, such as entanglement entropy and entanglement spectrum. We then delve into the methodologies for designing such systems across diverse platforms, including ultracold atoms in optical lattices, photonic waveguide arrays, and superconducting circuits. The discussion highlights how Floquet driving can induce robust entanglement in topological edge and bulk states, paving the way for fault-tolerant quantum information storage and processing. We propose specific protocols for generating and detecting topologically-protected entangled states, considering the challenges associated with heating and decoherence in periodically driven systems. Ultimately, this work emphasizes the potential of Floquet engineering as a versatile tool for synthesizing exotic entangled topological states, fostering new frontiers in quantum science and engineering.
We explore the periodically driven dynamics of two weakly coupled flux qubits and propose a scheme to generate a maximally entangled state based on Floquet engineering. The periodic driving modifies the quasienergy spectrum of the system and induces crossing of quasienergies, and the weak coupling between them lifts the degeneracy of quasienergies. It is found that the phenomena of entanglement resonance of Floquet state appear at certain values of the driving parameters, which could be demonstrated by virtue of the Rabi-frequency spectrum and average concurrence during one driving period. Our scheme relaxes the experimental difficulty in adjusting the static parameters of the system to establish entanglement, and may open interesting perspectives for devising active decoherence-immune quantum-information devices.
Non-equilibrium steady states are created when a periodically driven quantum system is also incoherently interacting with an environment - as it is the case in most realistic situations. The notion of Floquet engineering refers to the manipulation of the properties of systems under periodic perturbations. Although it more frequently refers to the coherent states of isolated systems (or to the transient phase for states that are weakly coupled to the environment), it may sometimes be of more interest to consider the final steady states that are reached after decoherence and dissipation take place. In this work, we demonstrate how those final states can be optimally tuned with respect to a given predefined metric, such as for example the maximization of the temporal average value of some observable, by using multicolor periodic perturbations. We show a computational framework that can be used for that purpose, and exemplify the concept using a simple model for the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond: the goal in this case is to find the driving periodic magnetic field that maximizes a time-averaged spin component. We show that, for example, this technique permits to prepare states whose spin values are forbidden in thermal equilibrium at any temperature.
It remains challenging to preserve entanglement between distant solid-state qubits with high-fidelity, such as nitrogen vacancy centers (NVCs). We propose a Floquet engineering strategy to protect the maximal entanglement between two weakly interacting NVCs separated in long spatial distance by locally applying periodic strong driving on the NVCs. It is found that entanglement of the Floquet states of the NVCs resonantly reaches its maximum during the whole driving period at certain values of the driving parameters. Our analysis reveals that it is the occurrence of the avoided level crossing in the Floquet quasienergy spectrum which results in such entanglement resonance. The dissipation effect on the generated entanglement has also been analyzed. Our results may be of both theoretical and experimental interests in exploring the long-lasting entanglement between weakly interacting spins to long distances in realistic environments.
Abstract Hybrid systems consisting of superconducting circuits and magnon systems are a promising platform for quantum technology. However, realizing high-fidelity magnon state preparation and manipulation remains an outstanding challenge due to the complexity of interactions and noise sources in hybrid systems. Here, we propose a coherence-preserving magnon state manipulation scheme. By engineering a superconducting-magnon coupling pulse and combining it with dynamical decoupling pulses, we design a composite pulse sequence. We demonstrate the manipulation and preparation of non-classical states of magnons with a fidelity of up to 98% under realistic conditions. These designs significantly improve the fidelity of manipulation and robustness to noise in hybrid systems compared to existing schemes. These results pave the way for practical applications of quantum magnonics platforms.