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arXiv:2411.04545 · Annals of Physics

Enhanced quantum Mpemba effect with squeezed thermal reservoirs

J. Furtado, Alan C. Santos

Published Jul 4, 2025• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1016/j.aop.2025.170135

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We demonstrate the quantum Mpemba effect in a quantum dot coupled to two reservoirs, described by the Anderson model. We show that the system temperatures starting from two different initial values (hot and cold) cross each other at finite time (and thereby reverse their identities; i.e., hot becomes cold and vice versa) to generate thermal quantum Mpemba effect. The slowest relaxation mode believed to play the dominating role in Mpemba effect in Markovian systems does not contribute to such anomalous relaxation in the present model. In this connection, our analytical result provides necessary condition for producing quantum Mpemba effect in the density matrix elements of the quantum dot, as a combined effect of the remaining relaxation modes.
In recent years, the quantum Mpemba effect (QME) which occurs when an out-of-equilibrium system reaches equilibrium faster than another that is closer to equilibrium has attracted significant attention from the scientific community as an intriguing and counterintuitive phenomenon. It generalizes its classical counterpart, extending the concept beyond thermal equilibration. This paper approaches the QME for Markovian open quantum systems from different perspectives. Firstly, we propose a physical mechanism based on decoherence-free subspaces. Secondly, we show that a macroscopic enhancement of the decay rate that scales linearly with system size can be obtained, leading to an extreme version of the phenomenon on Markovian open quantum systems. Thirdly, we study the Mpemba effect through the unravelings of Davies maps, revealing subtleties in the figures of merit which are chosen for obtaining the QME. Lastly, we propose a microscopic model for a better understanding of thermal bath dynamics in this context.
The quantum Mpemba effect (QMpE) describes an anomalous thermalization phenomenon in which quantum states initially far from equilibrium can approach thermal equilibrium faster than states that begin closer to it. While this effect has been extensively studied in various frameworks, its practical implications for quantum information processing remain largely unexplored. We investigate the relationship between QMpE and quantum thermometry, focusing on non-equilibrium scenarios where measurements are performed during early-stage thermalization. In a Markovian model, we rigorously prove that the initial states that are optimal for thermometry exhibit QMpE with high probability and thermalize faster than most initial states. Our results reveal a fundamental connection between quantum thermodynamics and thermometry, suggesting that QMpE can be harnessed to enhance temperature estimation with quantum probes.