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arXiv:2410.04919

Quantum energy teleportation via random bi-partitioning in N-qubit systems

Zhirong Xun, Changliang Ren

Published Oct 7, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

This study investigates quantum energy teleportation (QET) using stochastic bi-partitioning in an $N-$body Hamiltonian system. In this protocol, project measurements are performed on $(N - m)$ qubits to capture quantum fluctuation information of the $N-$qubit ground state during external energy injection. Significantly, the information reaches the sites of the remaining $m$ qubits faster than the energy diffuses, allowing for extracting the ground state energy through local operations. Our results show that increasing the number of qubits $N$ enhances the available energy for QET, with efficiency peaking when $(N - 1)$ qubits are inputs and one is an output. We also find a strong correlation between energy transfer efficiency and ground-state entanglement. Increasing the parameter $\frac{k}{h}$ improves both efficiency and entanglement until reaching a plateau. Overall, more qubits lead to higher energy transfer efficiency and entanglement, highlighting their critical roles in QET performance.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2410.04919

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This study investigates quantum energy teleportation (QET) using stochastic bi-partitioning in an N−N-N−body Hamiltonian system. In this protocol, project measurements are performed on (N−m)(N - m)(N−m) qubits to capture quantum fluctuation information of the N−N-N−qubit ground state during external energy injection. Significantly, the information reaches the sites of the remaining mmm qubits faster than the energy diffuses, allowing for extracting the ground state energy through local operations. Our results show that increasing the number of qubits NNN enhances the available energy for QET, with efficiency peaking when (N−1)(N - 1)(N−1) qubits are inputs and one is an output. We also find a strong correlation between energy transfer efficiency and ground-state entanglement. Increasing the parameter kh\frac{k}{h}hk​ improves both efficiency and entanglement until reaching a plateau. Overall, more qubits lead to higher energy transfer efficiency and entanglement, highlighting their critical roles in QET performance.
Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) exploits quantum entanglement and local operations with classical communication (LOCC) to transfer energy between distant locations without physically transporting the energy carrier. Previous demonstrations on superconducting hardware employed a two-qubit architecture and achieved a work extraction efficiency of approximately 11.7%. In this work, we propose a three-qubit QET protocol based on a novel Ising-model Hamiltonian satisfying the zero-mean-energy condition and the commutation and anti-commutation constraints required for QET. We investigate two complementary protocols. In the Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) configuration, a single sender injects energy while two receivers jointly extract negative energy. Retaining all interaction terms, including the inter-receiver coupling, yields an honest work extraction efficiency of approximately 8--10%, comparable to the two-qubit implementation while distributing the extracted energy across two receivers. In the Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) configuration, two senders jointly inject energy through a single entangle-then-measure operation, and one receiver extracts the teleported energy. After subtracting the energy deposited directly into the receiver by the entangling operation, the net teleportation efficiency reaches 34--42%, substantially exceeding the two-qubit protocol while remaining consistent with energy conservation. These results show that extending QET to a three-qubit many-body system can significantly improve teleportation efficiency and provide a framework for studying energy transport, negative-energy distributions, and more complex quantum many-body dynamics.
In this work, we explore quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocols, focusing on their behavior at finite temperatures , in ground and excited states. We analyze the role of entanglement as a resource for QET, particularly in thermal states, and compare the performance of QET across these initial states. We then introduce a method to extract ground-state energy through a protocol that employs only quantum measurements, local operations, and classical communication (LOCC), without requiring the ground state to be quantum correlated either through entanglement or quantum discord. To illustrate this, we propose a minimal model comprising two interacting qubits. These findings indicate that, in addition to the established QET framework where quantum correlation serves as a resource, it is possible to extract energy from an product ground state. This broadens the scope of QET's applicability across diverse quantum systems.
Many-body quantum systems in the ground states have zero-point energy due to the uncertainty relation. In many cases, the system in the ground state accompanies spatially entangled energy density fluctuation via the noncommutativity of the energy density operators, though the total energy takes a fixed value, i.e., the lowest eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian. Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol for the extraction of the zero-point energy out of one subsystem using information of a remote measurement of another subsystem. From an operational viewpoint of protocol users, QET can be regarded as an effective rapid energy transportation without breaking all physical laws, including causality and local energy conservation. In the protocol, the ground-state entanglement plays a crucial role. In this paper, we show analytically for a general class of spin-chain systems that the entanglement entropy is lower bounded by a positive quadratic function of the teleported energy between the regions of a QET protocol. This supports a general conjecture that ground-state entanglement is an evident physical resource for energy transportation in the context of QET. The result may also deepen our understanding of the energy density fluctuation in condensed-matter systems from a perspective of quantum information theory.
ABSTRACT Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) leverages quantum entanglement to transfer energy between two distant locations without physically moving it. The first realization of QET on superconducting hardware, a 2‐qubit system, demonstrated about work efficiency (work relative to the deposited energy). Here we introduce a 3‐qubit approach that enhances QET's energy efficiency through a novel 3‐qubit ground state Ising Model Hamiltonian satisfying zero mean energy and anti‐commutation constraints on the sender and receiver observables. We study two protocols. In the Single‐Input Multiple‐Output (SIMO) model, a single sender (Alice) deposits energy and two receivers (Bob and Charlie) jointly extract negative energy; with every interaction term retained, including the inter‐receiver bond, the honest efficiency is to , comparable to the of the minimal 2‐qubit model but now shared by two outputs. In the Multiple‐Input Single‐Output (MISO) model, two senders (Alice and Charlie) deposit a combined energy through a single entangle‐then‐measure measurement and a single receiver (Bob) extracts it, giving a net teleportation efficiency of to , well above the 2‐qubit value, with energy conservation respected. The negative energy density at the receiver is the protocol's signature.
Although extraction of energy from the ground state is forbidden, one can utilize Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) protocol for energy extraction -- a two-step protocol involving quantum measurements followed by LOCC. This is an unique method to ``extract energy from ground states'' of quantum systems. QET requires some correlation in the ground state, and entanglement correlation plays a crucial roles as a resource. The general belief is that if the ground state is quantum-correlated via entanglement for two different sites in a quantum system, and if we perform measurements on one of the sites, we can find an LOCC for the other site to successfully accomplish QET. In this paper, we show that this belief may not be true in the case of the Toric Code. We demonstrate this by performing a PVM measurements on spins in the Toric Code. Based on the measurement outcomes, we found that there is no LOCC for successful QET.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET), implemented via local operations and classical communication, enables carrier-free energy transfer by exploiting quantum resources. While QET has been extensively studied theoretically and validated experimentally in various quantum platforms, enhancing energy output for mixed initial states, as the system inevitably interacts with environments, remains a significant challenge. In this work, we study QET performance in a two-qubit system coupled to equilibrium or nonequilibrium reservoirs. We derive an analytical expression for the energy output in terms of the system Hamiltonian eigenstates, enabling analysis of energy output for mixed states. Using the Redfield master equation, we systematically examine the effects of qubit detuning, nonequilibrium temperature difference, and nonequilibrium chemical potential difference on the energy output. We find that the energy output for mixed states often follows that of the eigenstate with the highest population, and that nonequilibrium environments can enhance the energy output in certain parameter regimes.