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arXiv:2411.08927

Aspects of Quantum Energy Teleportation

Taisanul Haque

Published Nov 12, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

In this work, we explore quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocols, focusing on their behavior at finite temperatures , in ground and excited states. We analyze the role of entanglement as a resource for QET, particularly in thermal states, and compare the performance of QET across these initial states. We then introduce a method to extract ground-state energy through a protocol that employs only quantum measurements, local operations, and classical communication (LOCC), without requiring the ground state to be quantum correlated either through entanglement or quantum discord. To illustrate this, we propose a minimal model comprising two interacting qubits. These findings indicate that, in addition to the established QET framework where quantum correlation serves as a resource, it is possible to extract energy from an product ground state. This broadens the scope of QET's applicability across diverse quantum systems.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2411.08927

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In this work, we explore quantum energy teleportation (QET) protocols, focusing on their behavior at finite temperatures , in ground and excited states. We analyze the role of entanglement as a resource for QET, particularly in thermal states, and compare the performance of QET across these initial states. We then introduce a method to extract ground-state energy through a protocol that employs only quantum measurements, local operations, and classical communication (LOCC), without requiring the ground state to be quantum correlated either through entanglement or quantum discord. To illustrate this, we propose a minimal model comprising two interacting qubits. These findings indicate that, in addition to the established QET framework where quantum correlation serves as a resource, it is possible to extract energy from an product ground state. This broadens the scope of QET's applicability across diverse quantum systems.
Although extraction of energy from the ground state is forbidden, one can utilize Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) protocol for energy extraction -- a two-step protocol involving quantum measurements followed by LOCC. This is an unique method to ``extract energy from ground states'' of quantum systems. QET requires some correlation in the ground state, and entanglement correlation plays a crucial roles as a resource. The general belief is that if the ground state is quantum-correlated via entanglement for two different sites in a quantum system, and if we perform measurements on one of the sites, we can find an LOCC for the other site to successfully accomplish QET. In this paper, we show that this belief may not be true in the case of the Toric Code. We demonstrate this by performing a PVM measurements on spins in the Toric Code. Based on the measurement outcomes, we found that there is no LOCC for successful QET.
In general, it is important to identify what is the informational resource for quantum tasks. Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a quantum task, which attains energy transfer in an operational sense by local operations and classical communication, and is expected to play a role in future development of nano-scale smart grids. We consider QET protocols in a three-element Ising spin system with non-periodic boundary conditions coupled to a thermal bath. The open chain is the minimal model of QET between two edge spins that allows the measurement and operation steps of the QET protocol to be optimized without restriction. It is possible to analyze how two-body correlations of the system, such as mutual information, entanglement and quantum discord, can be resources of this QET at each temperature. In particular, we stress that quantum discord is not the QET resource in some cases, even if arbitrary measurements and operations are available.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is the phenomenon in which locally inaccessible energy is activated as extractable work through collaborative local operations and classical communication (LOCC) with an entangled partner. It closely resembles the more well-known quantum information teleportation (QIT) where quantum information can be sent through an entangled pair with LOCC. It is tempting to ask how QET is related to QIT. Here we report a first study of this connection. Despite the apparent similarity, we show that these two phenomena are not only distinct but moreover are mutually competitive. We show a perturbative trade-off relation between their performance in a thermal entangled chaotic many-body system, in which both QET and QIT are simultaneously implemented through a traversable wormhole in an emergent spacetime. Motivated by this example, we study a generic setup of two entangled qudits and prove a universal non-perturbative trade-off bound. It shows that for any teleportation protocol, the overall performance of QET and QIT together is constrained by the entanglement resource. We discuss some explanations of our results.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is an energy extraction protocol via local operation and classical communication (LOCC). In this paper, we analyze QET with the correlation matrix and find the essence of QET is a quantum steering process. We propose an extended QET called strong QET protocol and define the QET passive state, which shows that quantum correlation is not a sufficient condition for QET. We also compare QET in noisy channels with direct energy extraction schemes, which indicates the advantage of our method in dealing with quantum operations. Furthermore, we extend the method to the NNN-qubit QET and give numerical examples.
Energy in a multipartite quantum system appears from an operational perspective to be distributed to some extent non-locally because of correlations extant among the system's components. This non-locality allows users to transfer, in effect, locally accessible energy between sites of different system components by local operations and classical communication (LOCC). Quantum energy teleportation is a three-step LOCC protocol, accomplished without an external energy carrier, for effectively transferring energy between two physically separated, but correlated, sites. We apply this LOCC teleportation protocol to a model Heisenberg spin particle pair initially in a quantum thermal Gibbs state, making temperature an explicit parameter. We find in this setting that energy teleportation is possible at any temperature, even at temperatures above the threshold where the particles' entanglement vanishes. This shows for Gibbs spin states that entanglement is not fundamentally necessary for energy teleportation; correlation other than entanglement can suffice. Dissonance—quantum correlation in separable states—is in this regard shown to be a quantum resource for energy teleportation, more dissonance being consistently associated with greater energy yield. We compare energy teleportation from particle A to B in Gibbs states with direct local energy extraction by a general quantum operation on B and find a temperature threshold below which energy extraction by a local operation is impossible. This threshold delineates essentially two regimes: a high temperature regime where entanglement vanishes and the teleportation generated by other quantum correlations yields only vanishingly little energy relative to local extraction and a second low-temperature teleportation regime where energy is available at B only by teleportation.
Quantum energy teleportation (QET) is a protocol that unlocks the extraction of local energy and has been thought to fundamentally require classical communication (CC), since Bob must normally learn Alice's measurement outcome to perform the proper conditional operation (CO).In this work, we demonstrate that CC itself can be removed for the purpose of QET: When Bob's local operation is implemented through a weak coupling to an auxiliary qubit, the interaction naturally adapts to Alice's post-measurement state, thereby realizing the necessary CO without any classical message.This establishes a CC-free form of QET, which broadens its conceptual scope and suggests practical applications such as indirect external control for charging of quantum batteries.