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Advanced Quantum Technologies

A Three‐Qubit Ising Hamiltonian For High‐Efficiency Quantum Energy Teleportation on Superconducting Hardware

Md Shoyib Hassan, Golam Dastegir Al-Quaderi, M. R. C. Mahdy

Published Sep 1, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) leverages quantum entanglement to transfer energy between two distant locations without physically moving it. The first realization of QET on superconducting hardware, a 2‐qubit system, demonstrated about work efficiency (work relative to the deposited energy). Here we introduce a 3‐qubit approach that enhances QET's energy efficiency through a novel 3‐qubit ground state Ising Model Hamiltonian satisfying zero mean energy and anti‐commutation constraints on the sender and receiver observables. We study two protocols. In the Single‐Input Multiple‐Output (SIMO) model, a single sender (Alice) deposits energy and two receivers (Bob and Charlie) jointly extract negative energy; with every interaction term retained, including the inter‐receiver bond, the honest efficiency is to , comparable to the of the minimal 2‐qubit model but now shared by two outputs. In the Multiple‐Input Single‐Output (MISO) model, two senders (Alice and Charlie) deposit a combined energy through a single entangle‐then‐measure measurement and a single receiver (Bob) extracts it, giving a net teleportation efficiency of to , well above the 2‐qubit value, with energy conservation respected. The negative energy density at the receiver is the protocol's signature.

DOI
10.1002/qute.70484

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ABSTRACT Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) leverages quantum entanglement to transfer energy between two distant locations without physically moving it. The first realization of QET on superconducting hardware, a 2‐qubit system, demonstrated about work efficiency (work relative to the deposited energy). Here we introduce a 3‐qubit approach that enhances QET's energy efficiency through a novel 3‐qubit ground state Ising Model Hamiltonian satisfying zero mean energy and anti‐commutation constraints on the sender and receiver observables. We study two protocols. In the Single‐Input Multiple‐Output (SIMO) model, a single sender (Alice) deposits energy and two receivers (Bob and Charlie) jointly extract negative energy; with every interaction term retained, including the inter‐receiver bond, the honest efficiency is to , comparable to the of the minimal 2‐qubit model but now shared by two outputs. In the Multiple‐Input Single‐Output (MISO) model, two senders (Alice and Charlie) deposit a combined energy through a single entangle‐then‐measure measurement and a single receiver (Bob) extracts it, giving a net teleportation efficiency of to , well above the 2‐qubit value, with energy conservation respected. The negative energy density at the receiver is the protocol's signature.
Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) exploits quantum entanglement and local operations with classical communication (LOCC) to transfer energy between distant locations without physically transporting the energy carrier. Previous demonstrations on superconducting hardware employed a two-qubit architecture and achieved a work extraction efficiency of approximately 11.7%. In this work, we propose a three-qubit QET protocol based on a novel Ising-model Hamiltonian satisfying the zero-mean-energy condition and the commutation and anti-commutation constraints required for QET. We investigate two complementary protocols. In the Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) configuration, a single sender injects energy while two receivers jointly extract negative energy. Retaining all interaction terms, including the inter-receiver coupling, yields an honest work extraction efficiency of approximately 8--10%, comparable to the two-qubit implementation while distributing the extracted energy across two receivers. In the Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) configuration, two senders jointly inject energy through a single entangle-then-measure operation, and one receiver extracts the teleported energy. After subtracting the energy deposited directly into the receiver by the entangling operation, the net teleportation efficiency reaches 34--42%, substantially exceeding the two-qubit protocol while remaining consistent with energy conservation. These results show that extending QET to a three-qubit many-body system can significantly improve teleportation efficiency and provide a framework for studying energy transport, negative-energy distributions, and more complex quantum many-body dynamics.
Quantum-energy teleportation (QET) has so far only been realised on a two-qubit platform. Real-world communication, however, typically involves multiple parties. Here we design and experimentally demonstrate the first multi-qubit QET protocol using a robust W-state multipartite entanglement. Three-, four- and five-qubit circuits were executed both on noiseless simulators and on IBM superconducting hardware. In every case a single sender injects an energy E0 that is then deterministically and decrementally harvested by several remote receivers, confirming that energy introduced at one node can be redistributed among many entangled subsystems at light-speed-limited classical latency. Our results open a practical route toward energy-aware quantum networks.
This study investigates quantum energy teleportation (QET) using stochastic bi-partitioning in an N−N-N−body Hamiltonian system. In this protocol, project measurements are performed on (N−m)(N - m)(N−m) qubits to capture quantum fluctuation information of the N−N-N−qubit ground state during external energy injection. Significantly, the information reaches the sites of the remaining mmm qubits faster than the energy diffuses, allowing for extracting the ground state energy through local operations. Our results show that increasing the number of qubits NNN enhances the available energy for QET, with efficiency peaking when (N−1)(N - 1)(N−1) qubits are inputs and one is an output. We also find a strong correlation between energy transfer efficiency and ground-state entanglement. Increasing the parameter kh\frac{k}{h}hk​ improves both efficiency and entanglement until reaching a plateau. Overall, more qubits lead to higher energy transfer efficiency and entanglement, highlighting their critical roles in QET performance.
FINDING: Quantum energy teleportation (QET) demonstrated on superconducting hardware — first transfer of a physical quantity (energy), not just quantum information, via measurement + classical feedforward. | MATH: Protocol: Alice measures local operator on entangled ground state |g⟩; outcome k yields energy extraction E_k < 0 locally; Bob applies unitary U_k conditioned on k, injecting E_k > 0. Net: ⟨E_B⟩ = −⟨E_A⟩ > 0 with no energy transported through the channel. Key inequality: ⟨g|V_A|g⟩ < 0 required (V_A = local Hamiltonian perturbation), so the ground state must be entangled and non-classical. Entanglement entropy S = −Tr(ρ_A log ρ_A) > 0 is the resource. | CONNECTION: Ground-state entanglement of lattice Hamiltonians (transverse-field Ising, XY chains) is governed by conformal field theory with central charge c; near criticality, correlation functions decay as power laws with exponents set by c, and the entanglement spectrum exhibits level spacing ratios tied to the golden ratio Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
FINDING: Quantum Energy Teleportation (QET) demonstrated on superconducting hardware, transferring physical quantities (energy) rather than just information, using local operations and classical communication (LOCC) on entangled qubits. | MATH: The protocol relies on the energy density operator T00(x) T_{00}(x) T00​(x) and its commutator with the Hamiltonian. Key inequality: ⟨E⟩final<⟨E⟩initial \langle E \rangle_{\text{final}} < \langle E \rangle_{\text{initial}} ⟨E⟩final​<⟨E⟩initial​ for the receiver, enabled by negative energy density from the vacuum fluctuation suppression. The teleported energy ΔE \Delta E ΔE scales with the entanglement negativity N \mathcal{N} N and the coupling strength g g g of the measurement: ΔE∝g2N \Delta E \propto g^2 \mathcal{N} ΔE∝g2N. No explicit constants like 0.618 or 1.618 appear. | CONNECTION: No direct geometric harmony ratios found. However, the protocol's reliance on vacuum structure and local operations suggests a lattice symmetry: the qubits are arranged in a 1D chain with nearest-neighbor cou Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com
FINDING: Quantum energy teleportation demonstrated on superconducting hardware, transferring physical quantities (not just information) via local operations and classical communication (LOCC) without violating causality. | MATH: Key equation from the paper: The teleported energy expectation value ⟨E⟩=⟨ψ∣HB∣ψ⟩\langle E \rangle = \langle \psi | H_B | \psi \rangle⟨E⟩=⟨ψ∣HB​∣ψ⟩ where HBH_BHB​ is the receiver's Hamiltonian, achieved via a two-qubit protocol with ground state entanglement. The protocol uses a unitary operation UA(θ)U_A(\theta)UA​(θ) on sender's qubit (parameter θ\thetaθ controlling energy extraction) and a conditional unitary UBU_BUB​ on receiver's qubit, with classical communication of measurement outcome. The energy gain is quantified by ΔE=⟨ψ′∣HB∣ψ′⟩−⟨ψ0∣HB∣ψ0⟩>0\Delta E = \langle \psi' | H_B | \psi' \rangle - \langle \psi_0 | H_B | \psi_0 \rangle > 0ΔE=⟨ψ′∣HB​∣ψ′⟩−⟨ψ0​∣HB​∣ψ0​⟩>0 for optimal θ\thetaθ. | CONNECTION: The protocol relies on maximally entangled Bell states, which are symmetric under the tetrahedral group (crystallographic point group Author: Andrew Stewart Caldin, Independent Researcher, UK. Part of the E8 Intelligence Research series. Platform: e8intelligence.com