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arXiv:2406.11770

Demonstration of RIP gates in a quantum processor with negligible transverse coupling

Muir Kumph, James J. Raftery, A. D. K. Finck, Blair, John, April Carniol, Santino D. Carnevale, George Keefe, Arena, Vincent, Shawn A. Hall, David C. McKay, George Stehlik

Published Jun 17, 2024• 0 citations
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Abstract

Here, we report the experimental demonstration of a novel multi-mode linear bus interferometer (LBI) coupler in a six qubit superconducting quantum processor. A key feature of this coupler is an engineered multi-path interference which eliminates transverse coupling between qubits over a wide frequency range. This negligible static coupling is achieved without any flux bias tuning, and greatly reduces the impact of qubit frequency collisions. We achieve good simultaneous single qubit gate operation and low ZZ rates (below 600 Hz) across the device without staggering qubit frequencies, even in cases where qubits are as close as 10 MHz. Multi-qubit interactions are still possible through the coupler using microwave-driven resonator induced phase gates, which we utilize to demonstrate simultaneous two qubit gates with fidelities as high as 99.4%

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2406.11770

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Here, we report the experimental demonstration of a novel multi-mode linear bus interferometer (LBI) coupler in a six qubit superconducting quantum processor. A key feature of this coupler is an engineered multi-path interference which eliminates transverse coupling between qubits over a wide frequency range. This negligible static coupling is achieved without any flux bias tuning, and greatly reduces the impact of qubit frequency collisions. We achieve good simultaneous single qubit gate operation and low ZZ rates (below 600 Hz) across the device without staggering qubit frequencies, even in cases where qubits are as close as 10 MHz. Multi-qubit interactions are still possible through the coupler using microwave-driven resonator induced phase gates, which we utilize to demonstrate simultaneous two qubit gates with fidelities as high as 99.4%
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Resonators in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems naturally carry multiple modes, which may have non-negligible influence on qubit parameters and device performance. While new theories and techniques are under investigation to deal with the multi-mode effects in circuit quantum electrodynamics systems, researchers have proposed novel engineering designs featuring multi-mode resonators to achieve enhanced functionalities of superconducting quantum processors. Here, we propose multi-mode bus coupling architecture, in which superconducting qubits are coupled to multiple bus resonators to gain larger coupling strength. Applications of multi-mode bus couplers can be helpful for improving iSWAP gate fidelity and gate speed beyond the limit of single-mode scenario. The proposed multi-mode bus coupling architecture is compatible with a scalable variation of the traditional bus coupling architecture. It opens up new possibilities for realization of scalable superconducting quantum computation with circuit quantum electrodynamics systems.
The resonator-induced phase (RIP) gate is an all-microwave multiqubit entangling gate that allows a high degree of flexibility in qubit frequencies, making it attractive for quantum operations in large-scale architectures. We experimentally realize the RIP gate with four superconducting qubits in a three-dimensional circuit-QED architecture, demonstrating high-fidelity controlled-z (cz) gates between all possible pairs of qubits from two different 4-qubit devices in pair subspaces. These qubits are arranged within a wide range of frequency detunings, up to as large as 1.8 GHz. We further show a dynamical multiqubit refocusing scheme in order to isolate out 2-qubit interactions, and combine them to generate a 4-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state.
Native multi-qubit gates could reduce the overhead associated with decompositions into single- and two-qubit operations, but whether they can simultaneously provide high fidelity, simple control and robustness against parasitic interactions in scalable architectures remains unclear. Here we experimentally realize a 65-ns native controlled-controlled-phase operation, locally equivalent to the Toffoli gate, with a fidelity of 99.39(5)% in a three-qubit processor unit based on fluxonium qubits coupled via a microwave-driven transmon coupler. The implemented operation would require CZ fidelities of approximately 99.94% if realized through a conventional decomposition. The gate is implemented with a single control pulse, that relies on a simple calibration procedure yielding coherence-limited performance. This processor unit naturally extends to scalable two-dimensional layouts with low parasitic interactions. Altogether, these results establish native multi-qubit gates as a viable hardware-efficient primitive for scalable superconducting quantum processors.
Single-qubit gates on superconducting quantum processors are typically implemented using microwave pulses applied through dedicated control lines. However, these microwave pulses may also drive other qubits due to crosstalk arising from capacitive coupling and wavefunction overlap in systems with closely spaced transition frequencies. Crosstalk and frequency crowding increase errors during simultaneous single-qubit operations relative to isolated gates, thus forming a major bottleneck for scaling superconducting quantum processors. In this work, we combine model-based qubit frequency optimization with pulse shaping to demonstrate crosstalk error mitigation in single-qubit gates on a 49-qubit superconducting quantum processor. We introduce and experimentally verify an analytical model of simultaneous single-qubit gate error caused by microwave crosstalk that depends on a given pulse shape. By employing a model-based optimization strategy of qubit frequencies, we minimize the crosstalk-induced error across the processor and achieve a mean simultaneous single-qubit gate fidelity of 99.96% for a 16-ns gate duration, approaching the mean individual gate fidelity. To further reduce the simultaneous error and required qubit frequency bandwidth on high-crosstalk qubit pairs, we introduce a crosstalk transition suppression (CTS) pulse shaping technique that minimizes the spectral energy around transitions inducing leakage and crosstalk errors. Finally, we combine CTS with model-based frequency optimization across the device and experimentally show a systematic reduction in the required qubit frequency bandwidth for high-fidelity simultaneous gates, supported by simulations of systems with up to 1000 qubits. By alleviating constraints on qubit frequency bandwidth for parallel single-qubit operations, this work represents an important step for scaling towards larger quantum processors.