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arXiv:2403.07215

Anomalous magnetic flux via junction twist-angle in a triplet-superconducting transmon qubit

Sebastián Domínguez-Calderón, Harley D. Scammell

Published Mar 12, 2024• 0 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Superconducting transmon qubits with strong anharmonicity and insensitivity to offset charge are highly desirable for low-error implementation. In this work we propose a c-axis junction, comprising triplet superconductors, and set at a relative twist angle. Invoking spin-orbit coupling and spin polarization, which are known to occur in the material platform of choice, we examine the resulting transmon Hamiltonian. This junction allows for direct control of the single and double Cooper pair tunneling strength, and most remarkably, an anomalous magnetic flux -- i.e. a phase offset equivalent to magnetic flux, yet in zero magnetic field. Having control over these three parameters -- single and double pair tunneling and anomalous flux -- allows for optimal design of the transmon qubit. Interestingly, in this architecture, the anomalous flux is determined by the twist angle of the junction, thereby offering a novel zero-field functionality. Our key results rely on symmetry arguments, for concreteness we demonstrate the implementation of our concept using a model of moiré graphene-based c-axis junctions.

DOI
10.48550/arxiv.2403.07215

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Superconducting transmon qubits with strong anharmonicity and insensitivity to offset charge are highly desirable for low-error implementation. In this work we propose a c-axis junction, comprising triplet superconductors, and set at a relative twist angle. Invoking spin-orbit coupling and spin polarization, which are known to occur in the material platform of choice, we examine the resulting transmon Hamiltonian. This junction allows for direct control of the single and double Cooper pair tunneling strength, and most remarkably, an anomalous magnetic flux -- i.e. a phase offset equivalent to magnetic flux, yet in zero magnetic field. Having control over these three parameters -- single and double pair tunneling and anomalous flux -- allows for optimal design of the transmon qubit. Interestingly, in this architecture, the anomalous flux is determined by the twist angle of the junction, thereby offering a novel zero-field functionality. Our key results rely on symmetry arguments, for concreteness we demonstrate the implementation of our concept using a model of moiré graphene-based c-axis junctions.
We propose a novel qubit architecture based on a planar c-axis Josephson junction between a thin flake d-wave superconductor, such as a high-T_{c} cuprate Bi_{2}Sr_{2}CaCu_{2}O_{8+x}, and a conventional s-wave superconductor. When operated in the transmon regime the device-that we call "d mon"-becomes insensitive to offset charge fluctuations and, importantly, exhibits at the same time energy level spectrum with strong anharmonicity that is widely tunable through the device geometry and applied magnetic flux. Crucially, unlike previous qubit designs based on d-wave superconductors the proposed device operates in a regime where quasiparticles are fully gapped and can be therefore expected to achieve long coherence times.
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We propose a novel qubit architecture based on a planar ccc-axis Josephson junction between a thin flake ddd-wave superconductor (dddSC), such as a high-TcT_cTc​ cuprate Bi2_22​Sr2_22​CaCu2_22​O8+x_{8+x}8+x​, and a conventional sss-wave superconductor. When operated in the transmon regime the device -- that we call "ddd-mon" -- becomes insensitive to offset charge fluctuations and, importantly, exhibits at the same time energy level spectrum with strong anharmonicity that is widely tunable through the device geometry and applied magnetic flux. Crucially, unlike previous qubit designs based on ddd-wave superconductors the proposed device operates in a regime where quasiparticles are fully gapped and can be therefore expected to achieve long coherence times.
Identifying a materials platform for creating qubits that are both tunable and resilient towards environmental noise is one of the main hurdles that need to be overcome to realize quantum computation that is practically useful. One pursued avenue to this end is to use superconducting qubits with intrinsic spin-dependent interactions, such as spin-orbit coupling or magnetism. However, the recently discovered class of materials known as altermagnets remains largely unexplored in this context. We here use microscopic calculations to determine how the properties of superconducting qubits are modified when altermagnetic Josephson junctions are included. The key qubit performance parameters, including splitting, anharmonicity, decoherence, and single/coupled-qubit gate operation times, display rich behavior depending on the characteristic properties of the altermagnetic material, such as the strength of the Néel field and the crystallographic orientation of the altermagnetic relative to the interfaces in the system. We focus in particular on the transmon design and show that the qubit is very well protected against decoherence and simultaneously shows superior anharmonicity both near 0-πππ transition points and when it is in a φφφ-state. We propose that by using strain, the altermagnetic qubit can be moved out of its protected regime to enable faster gate operation times, and then moved back to its protected state. We establish the physical mechanism underlying the behavior of all central qubit metrics, clarifying how real devices interpolate between an altermagnetic double-well regime exhibiting barrier-induced protection and a conventional transmon-like single-well regime. We also discuss how the altermagnetic properties influence flux qubits and fluxonium.
Flux tuning of qubit frequencies in superconducting quantum processors is fundamental for implementing single and multi-qubit gates in quantum algorithms. Typical architectures involve the use of DC or fast RF lines. However, these lines introduce significant heat dissipation and undesirable decoherence mechanisms, leading to a severe bottleneck for scalability. Among different solutions to overcome this issue, we propose integrating tunnel Superconductor-Insulating-thin superconducting interlayer-Ferromagnet-Superconductor Josephson junctions (SIsFS JJs) into a novel transmon qubit design, the so-called ferrotransmon. SIsFS JJs provide memory properties due to the presence of ferromagnetic barriers and preserve at the same time the low-dissipative behavior of tunnel-insulating JJs, thus promoting an alternative tuning of the qubit frequency. In this work, we discuss the fundamental steps towards the implementation of this hybrid ferromagnetic transmon. We will give a special focus on the design, simulations, and preliminary experimental characterization of superconducting lines to provide in-plane magnetic fields, fundamental for an on-chip control of the qubit frequencies in the ferrotransmon.
Tunable Josephson harmonics open new avenues for qubit design. We demonstrate a superconducting circuit element consisting of a tunnel junction in series with a SQUID loop, yielding a Josephson potential whose harmonic content is strongly tunable by magnetic flux. Through spectroscopy of the first four qubit transitions, together with an effective single-mode model renormalized by the internal mode, we resolve a second harmonic with an amplitude up to ∼10%\sim10\%∼10% of the fundamental. We identify a flux sweet spot where the dispersive shift vanishes, achieved by balancing the dispersive couplings to the internal and qubit modes. This highly tunable element provides a route toward protected qubits and customizable nonlinear microwave devices.