Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2402.04339 · SciPost Physics

Bilateral photon emission from a vibrating mirror and multiphoton entanglement generation

Alberto Mercurio, Enrico Russo, Fabio Mauceri, Salvatore Savasta, Franco Nori, Vincenzo Macrí, Rosario Lo Franco

Published Feb 24, 2025• 3 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Entanglement plays a crucial role in the development of quantum-enabled devices. One significant objective is the deterministic creation and distribution of entangled states, achieved, for example, through a mechanical oscillator interacting with confined electromagnetic fields. In this study, we explore a cavity resonator containing a two-sided perfect mirror. Although the mirror separates the cavity modes into two independent confined electromagnetic fields, the radiation pressure interaction gives rise to high-order effective interactions across all subsystems. Depending on the chosen resonant conditions, which are also related to the position of the mirror, we study 2n 2 n -photon entanglement generation and bilateral photon pair emission. Demonstrating the non-classical nature of the mechanical oscillator, we provide a pathway to control these phenomena, opening potential applications in quantum technologies. Looking ahead, similar integrated devices could be used to entangle subsystems across vastly different energy scales, such as microwave and optical photons.

DOI
10.21468/scipostphys.18.2.067

Related papers

Towards quantum entanglement of micromirrors via a two-level atom and radiation pressure

Zhi‐Rong Zhong, Xin Wang, Wei Qin

We propose a method to entangle two vibrating microsize mirrors (i.e., mechanical oscillators) in a cavity optomechanical system. In this scheme, we discuss both the resonant and large-detuning conditions, and show that the entanglement of two mechanical oscillators can be achieved with the assistance of a two-level atom and cavity-radiation pressure. In the resonant case, the operation time is relatively short, which is desirable to minimize the effects of decoherence. While in the large-detuning case, the cavity is only virtually excited during the interaction. Therefore, the decay of the cavity is effectively suppressed, which makes the efficient decoherence time of the cavity to be greatly prolonged. Thus, we observe that this virtual-photon process of microscopic objects may induce the entanglement of macroscopic objects. Moreover, in both cases, the generation of entanglement is deterministic and no measurements on the atom and the cavity are required. These are experimentally important. Finally, the decoherence effect and the experimental feasibility of the proposal are briefly discussed.

arXiv:1609.00590•Frontiers of Physics•Sep 12, 2018•18 citations

Generation of robust tripartite entanglement with a single-cavity optomechanical system

Xihua Yang, Yang Ling, Xuping Shao +1 more

We present a proposal to generate robust tripartite optomechanical entanglement with a single-cavity optomechanical system driven by a single input laser field. The produced stationary tripartite entanglement among two longitudinal cavity modes and a mirror oscillation mode via radiation pressure force exhibits robustness to the variation of the environment temperature when the cavity free spectral range is close to the mechanical oscillation frequency. The present optomechanical system can serve as an alternative intermediary for quantum-state exchange between two microwave (or optical) fields as well as between photons and the macroscopic mechanical oscillator, and may be potentially useful for quantum information processing and quantum networks.

Physical Review A•May 1, 2017•39 citations

Coherent resonant coupling between atoms and a mechanical oscillator mediated by cavity-vacuum fluctuations

Bo Wang, Jiaming Hu, Vincenzo Macrí +2 more

We show that an atom can be coupled to a mechanical oscillator via quantum vacuum fluctuations of a cavity field enabling energy transfer processes between them. In a hybrid quantum system consisting of a cavity resonator with a movable mirror and an atom, these processes are dominated by two pair-creation mechanisms: the counterrotating (atom-cavity system) and dynamical Casimir interaction terms (optomechanical system). Because of these two pair-creation mechanisms, the resonant atom-mirror coupling is the result of high-order virtual processes with different transition paths well described in our theoretical framework. We perform a unitary transformation to the atom-mirror system Hamiltonian, exhibiting two kinds of multiple-order transitions of the pair creation. By tuning the frequency of the atom, we show that photon frequency conversion can be realized within a cavity of multiple modes. Furthermore, when involving two atoms coupled to the same mechanical mode, a single vibrating excitation of the mechanical oscillator can be simultaneously absorbed by the two atoms. Considering recent advances in strong and ultrastrong coupling for cavity optomechanics and other systems, we believe our proposals can be implemented using available technology.

arXiv:2204.08238•Physical Review Research•Feb 2, 2023•11 citations

Entanglement control in an electro-optomechanical ring cavity

Fouad Essaadi, Yassine Oussarhan, Mohamed Ouhammou +4 more

This paper investigates the deterministic generation and coherent control of continuous-variable bipartite and tripartite entanglement within a multi-mirror electro-optomechanical ring cavity. The proposed architecture integrates radiation pressure with tunable Coulomb interactions, governed by external gate voltages, to establish quantum correlations between an intracavity optical field and a collective of four mechanical oscillators. We perform a rigorous stability analysis of the system, identifying the operational regimes across a broad range of free parameters, and evaluate the generation of tripartite entanglement within two distinct subsystems. Our numerical results demonstrate that while standard coherent driving combined with Coulomb coupling can generate entanglement, it is restricted to narrow detuning regions. In contrast, the introduction of squeezed light dramatically enhances quantum correlations, facilitating entanglement over a significantly wider range of normalized detuning without compromising the stability of the optomechanical system. A central finding is that the fixed charged body serves as a dynamic control parameter rather than a static component; by effectively tuning the mechanical susceptibility, it enables the generation of optomechanical entanglement that is both stronger and more resilient to thermal noise than the mechanical–mechanical entanglement mediated by direct Coulomb interaction. Furthermore, the external gate voltage provides a reliable mechanism for the continuous tuning of mechanical coupling strengths. From a practical perspective, the ability of the Coulomb coupling to act as a quantum switch for activating or suppressing entanglement suggests significant potential for quantum information control and state transfer within hybrid quantum architecture networks.

Modern Physics Letters A•Apr 30, 2026•0 citations

Macroscopic Thermal Entanglement Due to Radiation Pressure

Aires Ferreira, Ariel Guerreiro, Vlatko Vedral

Can entanglement and the quantum behavior in physical systems survive at arbitrary high temperatures? In this Letter we show that this is the case for a electromagnetic field mode in an optical cavity with a movable mirror in a thermal state. We also identify two different dynamical regimes of generation of entanglement separated by a critical coupling strength.

arXiv:quant-ph/0504186•Physical Review Letters•Feb 17, 2006•77 citations

Collective spontaneous emission of two entangled atoms near an oscillating mirror

Marta Reina, Michelangelo Domina, Alessandro Ferreri +4 more

We consider the cooperative spontaneous emission of a system of two identical atoms interacting with the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state and in the presence of an oscillating mirror. We assume that the two atoms, one in the ground state and the other in the excited state, are prepared in a correlated (symmetric or antisymmetric) Bell-type state. We also suppose that the perfectly reflecting plate oscillates adiabatically, with the field modes satisfying the boundary conditions at the mirror surface at any given instant, so that the time dependence of the interaction Hamiltonian is entirely enclosed in the instantaneous atom-wall distance. Using time-dependent perturbation theory, we investigate the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the two-atom system, showing how the oscillation of the boundary modifies the features of the emitted spectrum, which exhibits two lateral peaks not present in the case of a static boundary. We also evaluate the transition rate to the collective ground state of the two-atom system in both cases of the superradiant (symmetric) and subradiant (antisymmetric) state. We show that it is modulated in time and that the presence of the oscillating mirror can enhance or inhibit the decay rate compared to the case of atoms in vacuum space or near a static boundary. Our results thus suggest that a dynamical (i.e., time-modulated) environment can offer further possibilities to control and manipulate radiative processes of atoms or molecules nearby, such as the cooperative decay, and strongly indicate a similar possibility for other radiative processes, for example, the resonance interaction and the energy transfer between atoms or molecules.

arXiv:2010.03215•Physical Review A•Mar 22, 2021•4 citations
Entanglement plays a crucial role in the development of quantum-enabled devices. One significant objective is the deterministic creation and distribution of entangled states, achieved, for example, through a mechanical oscillator interacting with confined electromagnetic fields. In this study, we explore a cavity resonator containing a two-sided perfect mirror. Although the mirror separates the cavity modes into two independent confined electromagnetic fields, the radiation pressure interaction gives rise to high-order effective interactions across all subsystems. Depending on the chosen resonant conditions, which are also related to the position of the mirror, we study 2n 2 n -photon entanglement generation and bilateral photon pair emission. Demonstrating the non-classical nature of the mechanical oscillator, we provide a pathway to control these phenomena, opening potential applications in quantum technologies. Looking ahead, similar integrated devices could be used to entangle subsystems across vastly different energy scales, such as microwave and optical photons.
We propose a method to entangle two vibrating microsize mirrors (i.e., mechanical oscillators) in a cavity optomechanical system. In this scheme, we discuss both the resonant and large-detuning conditions, and show that the entanglement of two mechanical oscillators can be achieved with the assistance of a two-level atom and cavity-radiation pressure. In the resonant case, the operation time is relatively short, which is desirable to minimize the effects of decoherence. While in the large-detuning case, the cavity is only virtually excited during the interaction. Therefore, the decay of the cavity is effectively suppressed, which makes the efficient decoherence time of the cavity to be greatly prolonged. Thus, we observe that this virtual-photon process of microscopic objects may induce the entanglement of macroscopic objects. Moreover, in both cases, the generation of entanglement is deterministic and no measurements on the atom and the cavity are required. These are experimentally important. Finally, the decoherence effect and the experimental feasibility of the proposal are briefly discussed.
We present a proposal to generate robust tripartite optomechanical entanglement with a single-cavity optomechanical system driven by a single input laser field. The produced stationary tripartite entanglement among two longitudinal cavity modes and a mirror oscillation mode via radiation pressure force exhibits robustness to the variation of the environment temperature when the cavity free spectral range is close to the mechanical oscillation frequency. The present optomechanical system can serve as an alternative intermediary for quantum-state exchange between two microwave (or optical) fields as well as between photons and the macroscopic mechanical oscillator, and may be potentially useful for quantum information processing and quantum networks.
We show that an atom can be coupled to a mechanical oscillator via quantum vacuum fluctuations of a cavity field enabling energy transfer processes between them. In a hybrid quantum system consisting of a cavity resonator with a movable mirror and an atom, these processes are dominated by two pair-creation mechanisms: the counterrotating (atom-cavity system) and dynamical Casimir interaction terms (optomechanical system). Because of these two pair-creation mechanisms, the resonant atom-mirror coupling is the result of high-order virtual processes with different transition paths well described in our theoretical framework. We perform a unitary transformation to the atom-mirror system Hamiltonian, exhibiting two kinds of multiple-order transitions of the pair creation. By tuning the frequency of the atom, we show that photon frequency conversion can be realized within a cavity of multiple modes. Furthermore, when involving two atoms coupled to the same mechanical mode, a single vibrating excitation of the mechanical oscillator can be simultaneously absorbed by the two atoms. Considering recent advances in strong and ultrastrong coupling for cavity optomechanics and other systems, we believe our proposals can be implemented using available technology.
This paper investigates the deterministic generation and coherent control of continuous-variable bipartite and tripartite entanglement within a multi-mirror electro-optomechanical ring cavity. The proposed architecture integrates radiation pressure with tunable Coulomb interactions, governed by external gate voltages, to establish quantum correlations between an intracavity optical field and a collective of four mechanical oscillators. We perform a rigorous stability analysis of the system, identifying the operational regimes across a broad range of free parameters, and evaluate the generation of tripartite entanglement within two distinct subsystems. Our numerical results demonstrate that while standard coherent driving combined with Coulomb coupling can generate entanglement, it is restricted to narrow detuning regions. In contrast, the introduction of squeezed light dramatically enhances quantum correlations, facilitating entanglement over a significantly wider range of normalized detuning without compromising the stability of the optomechanical system. A central finding is that the fixed charged body serves as a dynamic control parameter rather than a static component; by effectively tuning the mechanical susceptibility, it enables the generation of optomechanical entanglement that is both stronger and more resilient to thermal noise than the mechanical–mechanical entanglement mediated by direct Coulomb interaction. Furthermore, the external gate voltage provides a reliable mechanism for the continuous tuning of mechanical coupling strengths. From a practical perspective, the ability of the Coulomb coupling to act as a quantum switch for activating or suppressing entanglement suggests significant potential for quantum information control and state transfer within hybrid quantum architecture networks.
We consider the cooperative spontaneous emission of a system of two identical atoms interacting with the electromagnetic field in the vacuum state and in the presence of an oscillating mirror. We assume that the two atoms, one in the ground state and the other in the excited state, are prepared in a correlated (symmetric or antisymmetric) Bell-type state. We also suppose that the perfectly reflecting plate oscillates adiabatically, with the field modes satisfying the boundary conditions at the mirror surface at any given instant, so that the time dependence of the interaction Hamiltonian is entirely enclosed in the instantaneous atom-wall distance. Using time-dependent perturbation theory, we investigate the spectrum of the radiation emitted by the two-atom system, showing how the oscillation of the boundary modifies the features of the emitted spectrum, which exhibits two lateral peaks not present in the case of a static boundary. We also evaluate the transition rate to the collective ground state of the two-atom system in both cases of the superradiant (symmetric) and subradiant (antisymmetric) state. We show that it is modulated in time and that the presence of the oscillating mirror can enhance or inhibit the decay rate compared to the case of atoms in vacuum space or near a static boundary. Our results thus suggest that a dynamical (i.e., time-modulated) environment can offer further possibilities to control and manipulate radiative processes of atoms or molecules nearby, such as the cooperative decay, and strongly indicate a similar possibility for other radiative processes, for example, the resonance interaction and the energy transfer between atoms or molecules.